Module 13: Personal Protective Equipment

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1. Slide 1

   Personal Protective Equipment

   • MODULE 13
2. Slide 2

   Introduction

   • Protective equipment = tools to do the job.
   • Nearly 2 million disabling work-related injuries expected this year.
   • More than ¼ will involve head, eyes, hands, feet
3. Slide 3

   PPE Statistics from BLS

   • Hard hats were worn by only 16% of those workers who sustained head injuries
   • Only 1% of approx 770 workers suffering face injuries were wearing face protection
   • Only 23% of the workers with foot injuries wore safety shoes or boots
   • About 40% of the workers with eye injuries wore eye protection
4. Slide 4

   Personal Protective Equipment in Oil and Gas

   • What PPE is used in oil and gas?
   • What injuries or illnesses does it protect against?
   • Does it always succeed in protecting against these injuries or illnesses?
   • Why or why not?
5. Slide 5

   1910.132 General Requirements

   • (a) Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for:
   • Eyes,
   • Face,
   • Head, and extremities,
   • Protective clothing,
   • Respiratory devices, and
   • Protective shields and barriers,
   • Shall be
   • provided,
   • used, and
   • maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition
   • wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment
6. Slide 6

   1910.132 General Requirements

   • Hazards of processes or environment include :
   • Chemical hazards,
   • Radiological hazards, or
   • Mechanical irritants
   • Encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
7. Slide 7

   1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment

   • Assess workplace to determine if hazards are likely to necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
   • If hazards are present the employer shall:
   • Select and have each affected employee use appropriate PPE for identified hazards
   • Communicate selection decisions
   • Select PPE that fits each employee
8. Slide 8

   1910 Subpart I Appendix B

   • Compliance guidelines for hazard assessment & personal protective equipment selection (non-mandatory)
9. Slide 9

   1910.132(d) Hazard Assessment

   • Written certification of hazard assessment identifies:
   • Workplace evaluated
   • Person certifying that the evaluation has been performed
   • Date(s) of the hazard assessment
   • Identification of document as a certification of hazard assessment
10. Slide 10

    1910.132(f) Training

    • Employer must train employees before issuing PPE in at least these things:
    • i. ii. iii. iv. v.
    • When PPE is necessary
    • What PPE is necessary
    • How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE Limitations of the PPE
    • Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE
11. Slide 11

    1910.132(f) Training

    • 2. Workers must demonstrate an understanding of the training and the ability to use PPE properly
    • before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE
    • 4. Written certification, to verify that each employee has received and understood the required training, contains:
    • Name of each employee trained
    • Date(s) of training
    • Subject of the certification
12. Slide 12

    1910.132(f) Training

    • 3. Retraining necessary for employees without required understanding and skill:
    • Changes in the workplace
    • Changes in PPE used
    • Inadequate knowledge or use of PPE
13. Slide 13
    • 1910.133
    • Eye and Face Protection
14. Slide 14

    1910.133 Eye and face protection

    • Employer assures that employee uses eye or face protection from hazards:
    • Flying particles
    • Molten metal
    • Liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids
    • Chemical gases or vapors
    • Potentially injurious light radiation
15. Slide 15

    1910.133 Eye and face protection

    • Side protection for flying objects
    • Detachable side shields OK
16. Slide 16

    1910.133 Eye and face protection

    • Employees with prescription lenses:
    • Incorporate prescription in eye protection or
    • Wear eye protection over prescription lenses
    • Without disturbing proper position of prescription lenses or the protective lenses
17. Slide 17

    1910.133 Eye and face protection

    • Each affected employee must wear appropriately shaded filter lenses for protection from injurious light radiation
    • Tables in (a)(5)
18. Slide 18

    Protective eye and face devices shall comply with ANSI Z87.1-1989

    • FOR EXAMPLE…
    • Z 87.1-1989
    • Subtitles & Transitions
19. Slide 19
    • 1910.134
    • Respiratory Protection
20. Slide 20

    1910.134(a)(1) Permissible practice

    • Primary objective: Prevent atmospheric contamination
    • Respiratory hazards: dusts, mists, fogs, fumes, sprays, smokes or vapors
    • 1st Priority: Engineering controls:
    • Enclosure or confinement of the operation,
    • General and local ventilation, and
    • Substitution of less toxic materials
    • Only where engineering controls are not feasible should respirators be used
21. Slide 21

    1910.134(c)(1) Respiratory protection program

    • Where respirators are required, you need:
    • Written program
    • Worksite-specific procedures
    • Required elements:
    • Training
    • Fit testing
    • Medical evaluations
    • Care and maintenance
    • Procedures for respirator selection
    • Procedures for routine & emergency use
22. Slide 22

    1910.134(c)(2) Where respirator use is not required

    • If employer permits voluntary use:
    • Provide information in Appendix D
    • Implement elements of written program necessary to ensure
    • Medical ability to use
    • Cleaned, stored, maintained to not cause health hazard
    • Exception: Voluntary use of dust masks
23. Slide 23

    1910.134(d) Selection of respirators

    • Respirators must be NIOSH-certified
    • Provide enough variety so user can find the right fit
    • Cartridge change schedule for gases and vapors
    • IDLH atmosphere = immediately dangerous to life and health
    • Specific supplied-air respirators necessary for IDLH use
24. Slide 24

    1910.134(e) Medical evaluation

    • Respirator use causes physiological burden, varying with
    • Type of respirator
    • Job and workplace conditions
    • Medical status of employee
    • Medical evaluation provided before:
    • Fit testing
    • Worker respirator use
25. Slide 25

    1910.134(e) Medical evaluation

    • Conducted by physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP)
    • Additional evaluations if:
    • Employee reports related symptoms
    • PLHCP, supervisor, administrator recommends
    • Program information shows need
    • Change in workplace conditions increases physiological burden
26. Slide 26
    • 1910.135
    • Head Protection
27. Slide 27

    1910.135(a) General requirements

    • a. Ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet where there is a potential for head injury from falling objects
28. Slide 28

    Classes and Types of Hard Hats

    • Type I hard hats - reduce force of impact from a blow to the top of the head
    • Type II hard hats - provide protection against both side impact (lateral) and blows to the top of the head
29. Slide 29

    Classes and Types of Hard Hats

    • Class G (old A) – General
    • Tested to withstand 2200 volts
    • Class E (old B) – Electrical
    • Tested to withstand 20,000 volts
    • Class C (old C) – Conductive
    • No electrical protection
30. Slide 30

    1910.135(a) General requirements

    • b. Ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head
31. Slide 31

    1910.135(b) Criteria for protective helmets

    • Protective helmets shall comply with ANSI Z89.1-1986
32. Slide 32
    • 1910.136
    • Foot Protection
33. Slide 33

    1910.136(a) General requirements

    • Each affected employee must use protective footwear where there is danger of:
    • Falling or rolling objects
    • Objects piercing sole
    • Feet exposed to electrical hazards
    • Protective footwear shall comply with ANSI Z41-1991
34. Slide 34
    • 1910.138
    • Hand Protection
35. Slide 35

    1910.138(a) General requirements

    • a. Appropriate hand protection required for employee hand exposure to hazards such as:
    • Skin absorption of harmful substances
    • Severe cuts or lacerations
    • Severe abrasions
    • Punctures
    • Chemical burns
    • Thermal burns
    • Harmful temperature extremes
36. Slide 36

    1910.138(b) Selection

    • Employer selects based on:
    • Performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to the task(s) to be performed
    • Conditions present
    • Duration of use
    • Hazards and potential hazards identified
37. Slide 37

    Common Types of Gloves

    • Disposable: light-weight plastic; can help guard against mild irritants.
    • Fabric: cotton or fabric blend; improve grip or insulate from heat or cold.
    • Leather: guard against injuries from sparks or scraping against rough surfaces. Combine with an insulated liner when working with electricity.
    • Chemical Resistance: nitrile, neoprene, vinyl, etc; protect hands from chemical exposure
    • Metal Mesh: protect hands from cuts and scratches; used commonly with sharp instruments.
    • Aluminized Fabric: insulate hands from intense heat; commonly used with molten materials
38. Slide 38
    • 1910.95
    • Hearing Protection
39. Slide 39

    1910.95 Occupational Noise Exposure

    • OSHA measures noise in decibels in A scale (dBA) – calculation of one number for multiple frequencies
    • TWA calculation, but nonlinear scale
    • Permissible TWA: 90 dBA for 8 hours
    • Table G-16: higher exposure, shorter time allowable
40. Slide 40

    1910.95(c) Hearing conservation program

    • Required for any employees exceeding 8-hour TWA of 85 dBA or 50% dose
    • Action level
    • Monitoring, employee notification
    • Audiometric testing
    • Baseline and annual
    • Evaluated for standard threshold shift (STS) (change in hearing sensitivity)
41. Slide 41

    1910.95(i) Hearing protectors

    • Available to all employees exposed over 85 dBA
    • Replaced as necessary
    • Must be worn by workers exposed >90 dBA, or before baseline or with STS
    • Employees choose from variety
    • Training, supervision of correct use
    • Proper initial fitting
42. Slide 42

    1910.95(j) Hearing protector attenuation

    • Calculations in Appendix B
    • Cannot simply subtract Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) from dBA
    • Poor fit decreases attenuation
    • Must attenuate to 90 dBA
    • If STS has occurred, attenuate to 85 dBA
    • Re-evaluate when noise levels increase
43. Slide 43
    • Other Regulations
44. Slide 44

    Other Regulations

    • 29 CFR 1926 Subpart E: Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment
    • Construction operations only
    • If employees supply their own, employer assures adequacy and maintenance
    • Includes safety belts, lifelines, lanyards
45. Slide 45

    Other Regulations

    • API RP 54 section 5
    • Includes fall protection
    • Hearing protection includes 12-hour shift
    • No loose or poorly fitted clothing
    • Do not work in clothing saturated in hazardous substance – wash and/or treat skin and change clothes