Module 4 – Hazard Prevention & Control

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1. Slide 1

   Safet y & Healt h M anagement

   • Syst em Training
   • Lesson 4 – Hazard Prevent ion & Cont rol
2. Slide 2

   Safet y Health M anagement Syst em (SHM S) Webinar Series

   • In this series of webinars developed under the Susan Harwood Grant, you will learn:
   • Lesson 1 - OSHA and the Importance of Having a Safety Health Managem ent System (SHMS)
   • Lesson 2 – Management Com mitm ent & Leadership
   • Lesson 3 – Worksite Analysis
   • Lesson 4 – Hazard Prevent ion & Cont rol
   • Lesson 5 – Safety & Health Training
3. Slide 3

   Lesson 4 Cont ent s

   • 1. Objectives
   • 2. Hazard Controls
   • 3. Preventive Maintenance
   • 4. Managing Change
   • 5. Occupational Health Program
   • 6. Emergency Planning
   • 7. Contractor Safety
   • 8. Managem ent Review
4. Slide 4

   Object ives

   • Learn to implement systems to eliminate or prevent hazards.
   • Learn about diff erent types of hazard controls:
   • Preventive m aintenance and managing change
   • Em ergency planning, occupational health program s, and contractor safety
5. Slide 5

   Hazard Control

   • Some control measures are more eff ective than others at reducing the hazard.
   • Be aware of the diff erent types of controls available and the benefits and limitations of each.
   • Each of the SHMS models introduced in Lesson 1 require the implementation and maintenance of hazard controls for risk reduction.
6. Slide 6

   Hazard Control

   • The first consideration for controlling hazards is to eliminate the hazard or substitute a less hazardous material or process.
   • An exam ple of this method is utilizing a water-based paint rather than a solvent-based paint.
   • This control measure minimizes flam mable vapors as well as eliminates health concerns associated with solvent-based paints.
7. Slide 7

   Hazard Control

   • When it is not possible to elim inate a hazard, you should control the hazard using the following m ethods (in order):
   • Engineering controls
   • Adm inistrative controls
   • Personal Protective Equipm ent
8. Slide 8

   Hazard Control

   • Applying this hierarchy is a system atic approach to identify the m ost eff ective m ethod of risk reduction. You want to select the highest-level feasible control.
9. Slide 9

   Hazard Control - Engineering

   • If hazard elim ination or substitution is not feasible, engineering controls should be considered next.
   • Engineering controls are physical changes to the work area or process that eff ectively m inim ize a worker's exposure to hazards.
10. Slide 10

    Hazard Control - Engineering

    • Enclosed Hazard
    • Enclosure of the hazard, such as enclosures for noisy equipm ent.
    • Isolate Hazard
    • Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, m achine guarding, welding curtains, and other m echanism s.
    • Remove / Redirect Hazard
    • Rem oval or redirection of the hazard such as with local and exhaust ventilation.
    • Redesign Workplace
    • Redesign of workstation to m inimize ergonom ic injuries.
11. Slide 11

    Poll Quest ion #1

12. Slide 12

    Hazard Control

    • If engineering controls are not feasible you must then consider implementing adm inistrative controls.
    • Administrative controls
    • No physical changes
    • Lim its daily exposure to hazards by
    • Adjusting work tasks or schedules.
13. Slide 13

    Hazard Control - Administ rat ive

    • Exam ples of adm inistrative controls include:
    • Limited time exposure to hazards
    • Written operating procedures,
    • Work practices, and
    • Safety and health rules for employees.
14. Slide 14

    Hazard Control - Administ rat ive

    • Alarms, signs and warnings
    • Buddy system
    • Training
    • Stretching exercises and break policies
15. Slide 15

    Poll Quest ion #2

16. Slide 16

    Hazard Control - PPE

    • Personal Protective Equipm ent (PPE):
    • Used when hazards cannot be elim inated through engineering or administrative controls,
    • Must consider personal protective equipment (PPE) necessary for employee protection
17. Slide 17

    Poll Quest ion #3

18. Slide 18

    Hazard Control - PPE

    • According to OSHA, PPE is acceptable as a control method in the following situations:
    • Engineering controls do not elim inate hazard
    • While engineering controls are being developed
    • Adm inistrative controls and safe work practices are not sufficient protection, and
    • During em ergencies .
19. Slide 19

    Hazard Control

    • The m ost eff ective control m easure = all three hazard control types.
    • For exam ple, consider an operation that generates silica dust.
    • A ventilation system m ay be installed to control dust (engineering control),
    • Em ployees are trained and a sign is posted to warn em ployees of dangers (administrative controls) and
    • Goggles are required to operate the equipment (personal protective equipment ).
20. Slide 20

    Hazard Control

    • Scenario CHC Determ ines Hazard Control
    • CHC was awarded a contract to replace an exhaust fan on the roof of a high school. Mary White sends a copy of the JHA that was developed for this task (see Lesson 3) so that the Operations crew can review and develop the appropriate hazard controls.
    • The Operations Forem an, Jack McDonald, is particularly concerned about the fall protection for the roof where the work will be com pleted. He proceeds through the hierarchy of controls to ensure adequate protection to prevent falls.
21. Slide 21

    Hazard Control

    • Hazard Eliminat ion. Can this work be done below 4 feet where fall protection would not be required? The Operations crew agreed that the work cannot be done below 4 feet, and therefore engineering controls m ust be considered.
    • Engineering Cont rols. The Operations crew reviewed the roof area where the work will be conducted. There are no physical barriers such as railings at the roof's edge and it is not feasible to install them for this project alone. Adm inistrative controls were then considered.
22. Slide 22

    Hazard Control

    • Administrative Controls. Fall protection warning lines could be installed 6 feet from the roof's edge to warn em ployees when they are close to it. Although this is not a physical barrier, em ployees will be warned of their proxim ity to the roof's edge. Additionally, one employee will be stationed near the warning line when work is being done close to it. Employees have been trained in safe work practices to prevent falls.
    • Personal Protective Equipment . Some of the employees will work in an area with a roof skylight that is not guarded with railings. These workers will be instructed to wear personal fall arrest equipment and lifelines attached to an appropriate anchor point.
23. Slide 23

    Prevent ive M aint enance

    • A breakdown of equipment in your facility may cause hazards.
    • For exam ple,
    • A pum p that fails during the process of delivering hazardous m aterials through your production facility m ay create a hazardous condition.
    • The best way to prevent breakdowns or failures is to m onitor and maintain your equipm ent regularly. Determ ine what hazards could occur if your equipm ent is not maintained properly and plan to detect failures before they occur.
24. Slide 24

    Prevent ive M aint enance

    • Implement a written preventive maintenance program ,
    • Safet y Equipment Examples - A confined space entry gas monitor
    • Determine the intervals of required maintenance on your equipment
25. Slide 25

    Prevent ive M aint enance

    • Non-Safety Equipment Example.
    • Forklifts in your facility have daily and annual inspection requirements. If there is any deterioration in the hydraulic cylinders or tires the capacity rating reduces and there m ay be a failure during a lift. Establish a regular inspection on a preventive m aintenance schedule to keep these devices operating safely.
26. Slide 26

    Prevent ive M aint enance

    • When developing systems, be sure to include one for Disciplinary actions that cover all (employees, and contractors)
    • Ensure that it is applied consistently
    • Hazard Correction tracking –hazards that have been identified must be tracked in order to eliminate and implement controls
27. Slide 27

    Poll Quest ion #4

28. Slide 28

    M anage Change

    • A management of change program ensures that any m odifications or additions to your equipm ent or processes are understood and controlled, and includes:
    • Updating relevant building or equipm ent drawings,
    • Modifying safety procedures, and
    • Training employees on the changes.
29. Slide 29

    M anage Change

    • Such a program is required for processes that utilize highly hazardous chemicals that are subject to the OSHA Process Safety Management program (29 CFR 1910.119).
    • However, this program is beneficial for all changes in your business, even if OSHA doesn't require it.
30. Slide 30

    M anage Change

    • Conduct an analysis of new equipment and processes
    • Develop a system to conduct:
    • Com prehensive survey,
    • JHA, or
    • Other worksite analysis technique on new equipm ent or processes
    • Implement appropriate controls before being placed into service
31. Slide 31

    M anage Change

    • Example - Suppose your business introduces a new raw material into the production process. You must consider the following:
    • How the m aterial will be stored and handled
    • What PPE m ay be required if engineering or adm inistrative controls are not eff ective at controlling exposures
    • If appropriate eyewash and safety showers are available, and
    • How to train your em ployees..
32. Slide 32

    Occupat ional Healt h Program

    • An occupational health program allows you to respond eff ectively to workplace injuries and illnesses and to monitor potential health problems.
    • Medical Services & First Aid
    • You m ust m ake available physician services, first aid and CPR to your employees. This does not m ean that you m ust provide health care, but you are expected to get medical help when medical conditions arise from work-related events.
33. Slide 33

    Occupat ional Healt h Program

    • Medical Screening
    • Some OSHA standards require medical screening of employees. Medical screening monitors if exposure to a hazard leads to a potential decline in health.
    • An exam ple is exposure to noise and the Hearing Conservation Program.
34. Slide 34

    Occupat ional Healt h Program

    • Employee Medical Records
    • The m aintenance and confidentiality of em ployee m edical records are crucial.
    • According to OSHA, you m ust maintain an em ployee's m edical records for the duration of em ploym ent plus 30 years.
    • Records include em ployment m edical questionnaires or histories, results of laboratory tests or m edical screening, or physicians' opinions from work-related injuries or illnesses.
    • Develop a system to m aintain these records and to ensure that they are kept in confidence.
35. Slide 35

    Occupat ional Healt h Program

    • For more information on employee medical records, see the OSHA standard Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records (29 CFR 1910.1020).
36. Slide 36

    Occupat ional Healt h Program

    • Wellness Program
    • In your occupational health program , consider including health and wellness programs for your em ployees.
    • Sm oking cessation program s, diet and nutrition education, and physical fitness program s are exam ples of program s that encourage employees to lead a healthy lifestyle, which helps them be healthy for work
37. Slide 37

    Poll Quest ion #5

38. Slide 38

    Emergency Planning

    • Eff ective planning for em ergencies and non-routine events is another m echanism of controlling hazards and avoiding em ployee injuries. You have already learned about the legal requirem ents for em ergency planning.
39. Slide 39

    Emergency Planning

    • Written Em ergency Plan
    • Determine the actions that employees will take in the event of a fire, chemical release or natural disaster.
    • Keep in mind those em ployees with disabilities, language barriers and limited literacy.
    • Develop the written plan and train your em ployees prior to an emergency. Don't forget unexpected events such as terrorist acts or workplace violence.
    • List em ergency contacts and ensure the docum ent is updated regularly to reflect current personnel. You can find a tem plate for writing Emergency Action and Fire Prevention Plans on Departm ent of Labor’s website.
40. Slide 40

    Emergency Planning

    • Em ergency Eyewash and Safety Showers
    • Install emergency eyewash and safety showers where chemicals are used or stored to provide quick flushing if an employee is exposed to the chemical.
    • Pay close attention to areas such as battery charging stations, maintenance operations, and laboratories where corrosive materials are often used and require prompt flushing to prevent significant skin or eye damage.
41. Slide 41

    Emergency Planning

    • Em ergency Eyewash and Safety Showers
    • Include these units in your preventive maintenance program. It's important to inspect and flush the units regularly to verify operation and to ensure the water lines are clear of debris prior to emergency use.
42. Slide 42

    Emergency Planning

    • Em ergency Drills
    • Practice the elem ents of your em ergency action plan by conducting regular fire and/or natural disasters drills.
    • Ensure that em ployees know how to evacuate buildings, where to take shelter and who will take headcounts.
43. Slide 43

    Emergency Planning

    • Em ergency Contacts
    • Post em ergency numbers at centrally located bulletin boards and update the list regularly to reflect current personnel.
    • Ensure that employees who will operate critical equipment following an em ergency are properly trained.
44. Slide 44

    Emergency Planning

    • Local Em ergency Responders
    • Coordinate your emergency planning with the local emergency responders, such as the fire department and/or hazardous materials teams.
    • Invite them to your facility to teach them your specific worksite hazards and to improve the emergency response time.
45. Slide 45

    Contract or Safet y

    • Most com panies hire contractors at som e tim e to perform specific tasks for which their own em ployees m ay not have the tim e or expertise.
    • It is in your best interest to ensure that contractors at your worksite(s) are appropriately trained and follow all safe work practices.
46. Slide 46

    Contract or Safet y

    • Selection Criteria
    • Establish selection criteria for hiring contractors.
    • Consider the contractor's past perform ance in safety and health during the bid process.
    • This m ay include requesting data from their OSHA 300 Log for several years.
    • Ensure that contractors have an eff ective safety and health m anagement program in place prior to entering your worksite.
47. Slide 47

    Contract or Safet y

    • Oversight
    • Establish oversight, coordination and enforcement to ensure the contractor safety and health program is adequate and implemented properly.
    • Verify that contractors comply with applicable safety and health regulations by conducting regular inspections of the area where the contractors are working.
48. Slide 48

    Contract or Safet y

    • Establishm ent of Procedures
    • Develop appropriate entry and exit procedures for the contractors.
    • If cigarette smoking is allowed on your worksite, establish safe locations for contract em ployees to smoke, keeping away from storage of flammable or dust-explosive materials.
49. Slide 49

    Contract or Safet y

    • Prom pt Control of Hazards
    • Ensure prompt correction and/or control of any hazards that are identified under the contractor's control.
    • Consider penalties such as contractor correction and/or contractor dismissal for repeated noncompliance by contractors, vendors or individuals.
50. Slide 50

    Contract or Safet y

    • Injury & Illness Reporting
    • Develop a system so that all injuries and illnesses that occur during work performed on a contract are reported to you or someone in your company.
51. Slide 51

    Poll Quest ion #6

52. Slide 52

    Contract or Safet y – Exercise 1

    • CHC Selects a Crane Contractor
    • I nst ructions: Evaluate the following data submitted from three diff erent crane contractors.
    • Each contractor has approximately the sam e num ber of employees.
    • Based on their safety performance alone, which contractor would you select?
53. Slide 53

    Contract or Safet y – Exercise 1

    • Com pany
    • # of Injuries
    • (Last 3 Years)(a)
    • SHMS in Place?
    • Em ployee S&H Training Required?
    • No
    • No
    • Yes
    • Yes
    • Yes
    • Yes
    • (a) Injuries that company recorded on OSHA 300 Log.
54. Slide 54

    Contract or Safet y – Scenario

    • CHC’s Welding Contractor
    • CHC hired a contractor to assist with welding operations while installing an exhaust fan on the roof of the high school.
    • Mark Rebell was walking the job site when he noticed the welding contractor did not enclose the welding area, where practical, with appropriate welding curtains and did not have a fire extinguisher nearby during the welding operation.
    • Although no one was injured and there was no building dam age, this action clearly violated the standard CHC safe practice
55. Slide 55

    Contract or Safet y – Scenario

    • Mark im m ediately notified the CHC Operations Forem an. Together, they told the workers of the welding contractor to halt the work.
    • Then, they called the Forem an of the welding contractor to discuss the correct and safe work practices.
    • CHC wrote a Near-Miss Report to docum ent the action and reviewed the corrective actions with the welding contractor.
56. Slide 56

    Contract or Safet y – Scenario

    • The welding contractor was told that if another unsafe act was observed, CHC would rem ove his workers from the job site and his company would be removed from the list of approved contractors.
    • If the contractor had violated a safety rule that had the potential to cause death or serious physical harm, he would not have been given another chance and would have been removed from the site im m ediately.
57. Slide 57

    Conclusion

    • This is the end of Lesson 4, please take the post-test and complete the lesson evaluation form.
    • Sign up for Lesson 5 or any other sessions.
    • In order to get your certificate of com pletion for this series, you must complete all 5 lessons.
58. Slide 58
    • This course, funded by an OSHA-sponsored Susan Har wood grant, is designed to assist small and m edium sized businesses in developing and implem enting an eff ective safety and health m anagem ent system .
    • This m aterial was produced under grant SH-17814-08- 60-F-24 from the Occupational Safety Health
    • Adm inistration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Departm ent of Labor, nor does mention of trade nam es, com m ercial products, or organizations im ply endorsem ent by the U.S. Governm ent.