Hazardous Materials (OSHA 10-Hour General Industry Outreach)

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1. Slide 1

   Hazardous Materials

   • OSHA 10-hour Outreach Training
   • General Industry
2. Slide 2

   Introduction

   • Lesson objectives:
   • 1. Identify types of hazardous materials and how exposures can occur.
   • 2. Identify hazards associated with hazardous materials, including injuries that may occur.
   • 3. Describe methods for eliminating physical hazards of hazardous materials.
   • 4. Describe methods for eliminating health hazards of hazardous materials.
3. Slide 3

   What’s in it for you?

   • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
4. Slide 4

   Exposure to Hazardous Materials

   • What are hazardous materials?
   • Group of products for which the storage, handling, and use are regulated under the Hazardous Materials standard
   • Primarily associated with physical hazard
   • May also pose health hazard
5. Slide 5

   Exposure to Hazardous Materials

   • Examples of worksite exposure:
   • Operations involving the storage, handling, and/or use of:
   • Compressed gases
   • Liquefied gases – anhydrous ammonia, chlorine, propane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide
   • Non-liquefied gases – oxygen, nitrogen, helium, and argon
   • Dissolved gases - acetylene
6. Slide 6

   Exposure to Hazardous Materials

   • Flammable liquids
   • Category 1 – ethyl ether, isopentane, propylene oxide
   • Category 2 – acetone, benzene, ethyl alcohol, gasoline isopropyl alcohol, toluene
   • Category 3 – naphtha, turpentine, xylene
   • Category 4 – ethylene glycol, glycerine
   • Cryogenics and refrigerated liquids – oxygen,
   • nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, helium LNG, Liquid methane, carbon monoxide
   • Liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) – propane,
   • propylene, butane, and butylene
   • Explosives and blasting agents
7. Slide 7

   Exposure to Hazardous Materials

   • Spray finishing operations
   • Dipping and coating operations
   • Processing of highly hazardous chemicals
   • Clean-up and management of hazardous waste operations and emergency response
   • Source: OSHA; courtesy of U.S. Air Force
   • Source: FEMA; S. Shapira
8. Slide 8

   Exposure to Hazardous Materials

   • Additional precautions for hazard exposures:
   • Hazardous (classified) locations
   • Confined spaces
   • Source: OSHA
9. Slide 9

   Exposure to Hazardous Materials

   • Routes of entry:
   • Inhalation*
   • Ingestion
   • Absorption
   • Injection
   • Most Common
   • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
10. Slide 10

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Types of physical hazards associated with hazardous materials:
    • Oxidizer
    • Flammable
    • Explosion
    • Corrosive to metal
    • High-pressure systems
    • Source of pictograms: OSHA
11. Slide 11

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Types of health hazards associated with hazardous materials:
    • Acute/chronic toxicity
    • Skin corrosion or irritation
    • Aspiration hazard
    • Serious eye damage or eye irritation
    • Respiratory or skin sensitization
    • Germ cell mutagenicity
    • Carcinogenicity
    • Reproductive toxicity
    • Specific target organ toxicity
    • Source of pictograms: OSHA
12. Slide 12

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Compressed gases:
    • Oxygen displacement
    • Fires
    • Explosion
    • Toxic gas exposures
    • Physical hazards associated with high pressure systems
    • Source: OSHA
13. Slide 13

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Cryogenic and refrigerated liquids:
    • Extreme cold
    • Extreme pressure
    • Asphyxiation
    • Fire or explosion
    • Source: OSHA
14. Slide 14

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Flammable liquids:
    • Fire
    • Explosion
    • Source: OSHA
    • Criteria for Flammable Liquids
    • Category
    • 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix B, B.6.2
    • Criteria
    • Flashpoint < 73.4°F and initial boiling point ≤
    • 95°F
    • Flashpoint < 73.4°F and initial boiling point > 95°F
    • Flashpoint ≥ 73.4°F and ≤ 140°F
    • Flashpoint > 140°F and ≤ 199.4°F
15. Slide 15

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Spray finishing:
    • Flammable/combustible materials
    • Health hazards
    • Example: Isocyanates
    • Powerful irritant to eyes and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts
    • Inflammation to skin
    • Source of photos: NIOSH
16. Slide 16

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG):
    • Pictograms:
    • Signal word: Danger
    • Hazard statements:
    • Extremely flammable gas.
    • Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated.
    • May cause frostbite.
    • May form explosive mixtures in air.
    • May displace oxygen and cause rapid suffocation.
    • Source: OSHA
17. Slide 17

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Anhydrous ammonia:
    • Pictograms:
    • Signal word: Danger
    • Hazard statements
    • Flammable Gas
    • Contains gas under pressure
    • May explode if heated
    • Toxic if inhaled
    • Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
    • Corrosive to respiratory tract
    • Source of photos: OSHA
18. Slide 18

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Hazardous (classified) locations:
    • Class I – flammable gases or vapors
    • Class II – combustible dust
    • Division 1 Division 2
    • Class III – ignitable fibers or flyings
19. Slide 19

    Hazards of Hazardous Materials

    • Confined spaces:
    • Limited or restricted means for entry/exit; not designed for continuous occupancy
    • PRCS contains or has potential to contain hazardous atmospheres
    • Source of photos: OSHA
20. Slide 20

    Controlling Physical Hazards

    • Source: NIOSH
21. Slide 21

    Controlling Physical Hazards

    • Compressed gases:
    • Compressed gas cylinders shall be in a safe condition to the extent that this can be determined by visual inspection.
    • Source of graphics: OSHA
22. Slide 22

    Controlling Physical Hazards

    • Safety can:
    • Not more than
    • 5 gallons capacity
    • Spring-closing lid
    • Designed to relieve internal pressure when subjected to fire.
    • Source of photos: OSHA
23. Slide 23

    Controlling Physical Hazards

    • Cabinets:
    • Not more than 60 gallons
    • of Category 1, 2, or 3 flammable liquids, nor more than 120 gallons of Category 4 flammable liquids.
    • Suitable fire control devices shall be available at locations where flammable liquids are stored.
    • Source of photos: OSHA
24. Slide 24

    Controlling Physical Hazards

    • Ventilation:
    • Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall be ventilated at a rate of not less than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot of solid floor area.
25. Slide 25

    Controlling Physical Hazards

    • Explosion-proof apparatus:
    • Apparatus enclosed in a case that is capable of withstanding an explosion of a specified gas or vapor that may occur within it and of preventing the ignition of a specified gas or vapor surrounding the enclosure by sparks, flashes or explosion of the gas or vapor within, and that operates at such an external temperature that it will not ignite a surrounding flammable atmosphere.
26. Slide 26

    Controlling Physical Hazards

    • Grounding:
    • Category 1 or 2 flammable liquids, or Category 3 flammable liquids with a flashpoint below 100 °F (37.8 °C), shall not be dispensed into containers unless the nozzle and container are electrically interconnected.
    • Source of graphics: OSHA
27. Slide 27

    Controlling Physical Hazards

    • Intrinsically safe:
    • An apparatus/equipment in which all the circuits in which any spark or thermal effect is incapable of causing ignition of a mixture of flammable or combustible material in air.
28. Slide 28

    Controlling Health Hazards

    • Source: NIOSH
29. Slide 29

    Controlling Health Hazards

    • Source: OSHA
30. Slide 30

    Controlling Health Hazards

    • Source: NIOSH
31. Slide 31

    Controlling Health Hazards

    • Source: NIOSH
32. Slide 32

    Controlling Health Hazards

    • Source: NIOSH
33. Slide 33

    Controlling Health Hazards

    • Process Safety Management (PSM) of highly hazardous chemicals:
    • Regulations designed to prevent the release of toxic, reactive, flammable and/or explosive chemicals.
    • Contains a list and threshold limits for when employers must comply.
    • Anhydrous Ammonia - 10,000 lbs
    • Chlorine - 1,500 lbs
34. Slide 34

    Controlling Health Hazards

    • Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER):
    • Applies to employers and their employees who are exposed to hazardous substances and who are engaged in several operations including clean-up, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste.
35. Slide 35

    Hazardous Materials Worksheet

    • Complete the Worksheet
36. Slide 36

    Hazardous Materials Worksheet

    • Hazard Anticipation
    • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
37. Slide 37

    Hazardous Materials Worksheet

    • Hazards Identification
    • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
38. Slide 38

    Hazardous Materials Worksheet

    • Hazards Evaluation
    • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
39. Slide 39

    Hazardous Materials Worksheet

    • Hazards Controls - Engineering
    • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
40. Slide 40

    Hazardous Materials Worksheet

    • Hazards Controls - Administrative
    • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
41. Slide 41

    Hazardous Materials Worksheet

    • Hazards Controls - PPE
    • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
42. Slide 42

    Summary

    • Stop health hazards before they stop you!
    • Source: Construction Safety Council, used with permission.
43. Slide 43

    Knowledge Check

    • 1. The most common route of entry by which hazardous materials are introduced into the body is ___.
    • a. inhalation
    • b. absorption
    • c. ingestion
    • d. injection
    • Answer: a. inhalation
44. Slide 44

    Knowledge Check

    • 2. Flammability is which type of hazard?
    • a. Carcinogenic
    • b. Health
    • c. Physical
    • d. Mutagenic
    • Answer: c. Physical
45. Slide 45

    Knowledge Check

    • 3. Which of the following hazards is an example of a physical hazard?
    • a. Oxidizer
    • b. Exposure to carcinogen
    • c. Chronic toxicity
    • d. Acute toxicity
    • Answer: a. Oxidizer
46. Slide 46

    Knowledge Check

    • 4. Which of the following hazards is an example of a health hazard?
    • a. Fire hazard
    • b. Acute toxicity
    • c. Explosive
    • d. High pressure
    • Answer: b. Acute toxicity
47. Slide 47

    Knowledge Check

    • 5. Which of the following is the preferred order of controlling hazards, or “hierarchy of controls,” for hazardous materials?
    • a. PPE, Administrative Controls, Engineering Controls, Elimination
    • b. Administrative Controls, Engineering Controls, Elimination, PPE
    • c. Engineering Controls, Elimination, PPE, Administrative Controls
    • d. Elimination, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, PPE
    • Answer: d. Elimination, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, PPE
48. Slide 48

    Knowledge Check

    • 6. When transferring a flammable liquid from one container to another, the containers should be ___ to prevent static electricity from creating a fire hazard.
    • a. ventilated or pressurized
    • b. ventilated and pressurized
    • c. bonded or grounded
    • d. bonded and grounded
    • Answer: d. bonded and grounded
49. Slide 49

    Knowledge Check

    • 7. Which of the following hazard controls is an example of an engineering control?
    • a. Enclosing an operation to prevent contact with the hazardous material
    • b. Training employees on the proper handling and storage of a hazardous material
    • c. Implementing a procedure for the proper use of a hazardous material
    • d. Requiring personal protective equipment to be worn when working with a hazardous material
    • Answer: a. Enclosing an operation to prevent contact with the hazardous material