Exit Routes, Emergency Action Plans, Fire Prevention Plans, and Fire Protection (OSHA 10-Hour General Industry Outreach)

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1. Slide 1

   Exit Routes, Emergency

   • Action Plans, Fire Prevention
   • Plans, and Fire Protection
   • OSHA 10-Hour General Industry
   • Outreach Training
2. Slide 2

   Introduction

   • Source: CSB
   • Source: National Archives
   • Source: OSHA
   • Source: CSB
   • Source: NOAA
   • Source: CSB
   • Fires and explosions, as well as other workplace incidents, may require emergency actions and evacuations to protect employees.
3. Slide 3

   Introduction

   • Lesson objectives:
   • 1. Recognize benefits of an Emergency Action Plan.
   • 2. Identify elements of Fire Protection Plan.
   • 3. Identify conditions under which evacuation actions may be necessary in an emergency situation.
   • 4. Identify conditions under which shelter-in-place may be necessary in an emergency situation.
4. Slide 4

   Introduction

   • 5. Identify characteristics of an effective emergency escape route.
   • 6. Recognize the five types of fire extinguishers, including the types of fires they can extinguish.
   • 7. Review requirements for proper maintenance of portable fire extinguishers.
5. Slide 5

   Emergency Action Plans

   • Benefits of an EAP:
   • Written document that facilitates and organizes employer and employee actions during workplace emergencies
   • Fewer and less severe injuries
   • Less structural damage
   • Reduce confusion
6. Slide 6

   Emergency Action Plans

   • Purpose of an EAP:
   • Describes actions to be taken to ensure employee safety during an emergency
   • Uses floor plans/maps to show emergency escape routes
   • Tells employees what actions to take
   • Covers reasonably expected emergencies
7. Slide 7

   Emergency Action Plans

   • Required elements of plan:
   • Means of reporting
   • Evacuation procedures and emergency escape routes
   • Procedures for critical operations
   • Accounting of employees
   • Rescue and medical duties
   • Contact persons
8. Slide 8

   Emergency Action Plans

   • Training employees on the EAP
   • Review plan with each employee
   • Initial development of plan
   • Initial assignment of employee to job
   • Changes to plan or employee actions/responsibilities
   • Annual retraining with drills to practice evacuation and gathering in assembly area
   • Educate/train
   • Types of emergencies
   • Course of actions
   • Functions and elements of EAP
   • Special hazards
   • Fire hazards and fire prevention plan
   • Source: OSHA
9. Slide 9

   Emergency Action Plans

   • General training
   • Roles and responsibilities
   • Threats, hazards, protective actions
   • Notification, warning, communications
   • Locating family members
   • Location/use of emergency equipment
   • Procedures
   • Emergency response
   • Evacuation and shelter-in-place
   • Assembly and accounting of employees
   • Emergency shut-down
10. Slide 10

    Emergency Action Plans

    • Examples of procedures:
    • Methods of reporting an emergency
    • Instructions for exit
    • Instructions for limited mobility
11. Slide 11

    Fire Prevention Plan

    • FPP requirements:
    • Must be
    • In writing
    • Kept in the workplace
    • Available to employees for review
    • Source: OSHA
    • Employer must
    • Inform employees of fire hazards when initially assigned to a job
    • Review with each employee applicable FPP parts
12. Slide 12

    Fire Prevention Plan

    • Included in FPP
    • Lists of all major fire hazards, proper handling and storage of hazardous materials, ignition sources/controls, and fire protection equipment
    • Procedures to control flammable/combustible wastes
    • Procedures for maintenance of safeguards on heat-producing equipment
    • Name/job titles of employees with responsibilities for maintenance of equipment and control of hazards
13. Slide 13

    Fire Prevention Plan

    • Preventing fires hazards:
    • Understanding fires
    • Rapid chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible material
    • Results in release of heat, light, flames, and smoke
    • Requires four elements:
    • Oxygen
    • Ignition source (heat)
    • Fuel
    • Chemical reaction
14. Slide 14

    Fire Prevention Plan

    • Ignition sources
    • Open flames
    • Smoking
    • Static electricity
    • Hotwork
    • Hot surfaces
    • Electrical and mechanical sparks
    • Lightning
    • Source: CDC
15. Slide 15

    Fire Prevention Plan

    • Tasks that require fire protection and examples of hazards
    • Hotwork – 30-minute fire watch
    • Dispensing flammables and combustibles: gasoline, diesel, or natural gas
    • Flammable wastes: solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids
16. Slide 16

    Fire Prevention Plan

    • Handling of flammable hazards
    • Only use approved metal safety containers or original manufacturer’s containers for storage
    • Practice good housekeeping
    • Keep containers closed when not in use
    • Store away from exits or passageways
    • Keep away from ignition sources
17. Slide 17

    Fire Prevention Plan

    • Fire protection equipment
    • PPE
    • Fire Suppression
    • Portable fire extinguishers
    • Fixed systems
18. Slide 18

    Conditions Requiring Evacuation

    • Workplace evacuation may be required for:
    • Man-made emergencies • Natural emergencies
    • Fires
    • Explosions
    • Toxic material releases
    • Radiological/biological incidents
    • Civil disturbances
    • Workplace violence
    • Floods
    • Earthquakes
    • Hurricanes
    • Tornadoes
    • Wildfires
    • Winter weather
19. Slide 19

    Conditions Requiring Evacuation

    • Factors affecting response to emergencies:
    • Type/extent of emergency
    • Location of emergency
    • Type of building in which workplace is located
    • Shutting down critical operations
20. Slide 20

    Conditions Requiring Evacuation

    • Fire emergencies:
    • Fight or Flee?
    • Options for evacuation
    • 1. Total evacuation
    • 2. Designated employees authorized to fight fire; all others evacuate
    • 3. All employees authorized to fight fire
    • 4. Extinguishers provided but not intended for employee use
    • Source of graphics: OSHA
21. Slide 21

    Conditions Requiring Evacuation

    • Fire emergencies:
    • Fight or Flee?
    • Performing a risk assessment
    • Is the fire too big?
    • Is the air safe to breathe?
    • Is the environment too hot or smoky?
    • Is there a safe evacuation path?
    • Source: OSHA
22. Slide 22

    Conditions Requiring Evacuation

    • Evacuation maps show:
    • Exits: to, thru, and away
    • At least two ways out
    • Primary exit
    • Secondary exit
    • Assembly area
    • Location on the map
    • Additional information
    • Location of fire
    • Source: OSHA
23. Slide 23

    Conditions Requiring Evacuation

    • Evacuation actions:
    • Alerting employees to evacuate
    • Alarm
    • Enunciator panel/speaker
    • Accounting for who has exited
    • How is that accomplished
    • Keeping employees informed
    • All clear, re-enter, or remain at assembly point
    • Clear to leave workplace
24. Slide 24

    Conditions Requiring Shelter-in-Place

    • Incidents that may require shelter-in-place:
    • Release of chemical, biological, or radiological contaminants
    • Severe weather – tornadoes
    • Other situations occurring outside the workplace
    • Source: CDC
    • Source: FEMA Region VI
25. Slide 25

    Conditions Requiring Shelter-in-Place

    • Shelter-in-place:
    • Means taking refuge in interior room(s) with no/few windows
    • Local authorities often issue shelter-in-place advice via TV or radio
    • Procedures specific to worksite
26. Slide 26

    Conditions Requiring Shelter-in-Place

    • Planning shelter-in-place actions:
    • Alerting employees – shelter-in-place
    • Accounting for who is in refuge
    • Keeping employees informed
27. Slide 27

    Emergency Escape Routes

    • Exit routes:
    • Continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from any place in workplace to safety
    • Exit access, exit, exit discharge
    • Should be:
    • Clearly marked
    • Well-lit
    • Appropriate width
    • Unobstructed/clear
    • Source: TEEX
28. Slide 28

    Emergency Escape Routes

    • Basic exit route requirements:
    • Permanent
    • Separated by fire-resistant materials
    • Limited openings
    • Adequate number of exit routes
    • Discharge leading directly outside or to a place with access to outside
    • Exit door unlocked from inside and side-hinged
    • Adequate capacity
    • Minimum height and width
    • Source of graphics: OSHA
29. Slide 29

    Emergency Escape Routes

    • Clearly communicate 3 elements of escape route
    • Exit access pathway
    • Nearest exits from all points of building
    • Pathway away from building structure
30. Slide 30
    • Designate an assembly
    • area exits
    • Indicate
    • No emergency emergency
    • No
    • with wheelchair exits in into
    • narrow
    • exits
    • restrooms
    • access
    • passages
    • No use of elevators
    • Exit signs indicating
    • to reach an the nearest emergency emergency exit
    • exit
    • Designate primary
    • Exit
    • away from and secondary
    • rooms
    • exits with hazardous materials
    • Indicate
    • the
    • employee’s current location
31. Slide 31

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Methods of fire protection:
    • Fixed extinguishing systems
    • Fire brigades
    • Fire extinguishers
32. Slide 32

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Portable fire extinguisher training and education
    • Required for employees authorized to use fire extinguishers
    • General principles of fire extinguisher use
    • Hazards of incipient stage fire fighting
    • Operation of equipment (instruction and hands-on practice)
    • Required upon initial employment/assignment and at least annually thereafter
    • Source: OSHA
33. Slide 33

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Classes of fires:
    • Class A – ordinary combustibles
    • Class B – flammable liquids and gases
    • Class C – energized electrical equipment
    • Class D – combustible metals
    • Class K – cooking oils and greases
    • Source: OTIEC
34. Slide 34

    Extinguishing Fires

    • How fire extinguishers work
    • Remove heat
    • Displace/remove oxygen
    • Stop chemical reaction
    • Source: OSHA
35. Slide 35

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Parts of a fire extinguisher and labels
36. Slide 36

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Types of extinguishers:
    • Water
    • Carbon Dioxide
    • Dry Chemical
    • Source: OSHA
37. Slide 37

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Water or air-pressurized water (APW) extinguishers
    • Designed for Class A fires only
    • Large silver container, 2 to 3 ft. tall, weighing about 25 lbs. when full
    • Filled 2/3 with ordinary water, then pressurized with air
    • Detergents may be added
    • Cool the surface to remove the heat
    • Never use to extinguish flammable liquid fires or electrical fires
38. Slide 38

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) extinguishers
    • Designed for Class B and Class C fires only
    • Red cylinders, ranging from 5 to 100 lbs. or larger, with a hard horn and no pressure gauge
    • Filled with Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), under extreme pressure
    • Displace oxygen; dry ice pieces also have cooling effect
    • Never use in confines space without respiratory protection
39. Slide 39

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Dry Chemical extinguishers (Multi-purpose)
    • May be used on Class A, Class B, and/or Class C fires (check label)
    • Red cylinders, ranging in size from 5 to 20 lbs.
    • Fire-retardant powder is the extinguishing agent and is propelled by a compressed, non-flammable gas
    • Separates fuel from oxygen; powder also interrupts chemical reaction
40. Slide 40

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Class K – dry and wet chemical extinguishers
    • Designed for kitchen fires
    • Only intended to be used after activation of built-in hood suppression system
    • Filled with electrically conductive extinguishing agents; use only after electrical power to appliance has been shut off
    • Potassium bicarbonate may be used in dry types; wet chemical extinguishers spray a fine mist
41. Slide 41

    Extinguishing Fires

    • Using a fire extinguisher:
    • Steps to follow
    • 1. Sound alarm; call fire department
    • 2. Identify safe evacuation path
    • 3. Select appropriate fire extinguisher
    • 4. Discharge extinguisher using P.A.S.S. technique
    • 5. Back away once extinguished
    • 6. Evacuate immediately if necessary
    • Extinguisher empty and fire is not out
    • Fire progresses beyond incipient stage
42. Slide 42

    Extinguishing Fires

    • P.A.S.S. technique
    • Pull the pin
    • Aim at base of fire
    • Squeeze handle
    • Sweep side-to-side at base of fire until fire appears out
    • Watch area for re-ignition and repeat steps 2 – 4;
    • When in doubt,
    • EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!
    • Source: OSHA
43. Slide 43

    Maintenance of Extinguisher

    • Elements of inspection:
    • Inspect bottle, handle, hose, and gauge for proper working order
    • Inspection tag
    • Month and Year put in service current (annual)
    • Monthly visual inspections completed (monthly)
    • Extinguisher product still free-flowing inside bottle (turn upside down and/or shake)
44. Slide 44

    What’s Wrong?

    • Source: OSHA
45. Slide 45

    What’s Wrong?

    • Source: OSHA
46. Slide 46

    Knowledge Check

    • 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Emergency Action Plans (EAPs)?
    • a. EAPs need to be written down only if requested by employees.
    • b. EAPs facilitate and organize actions taken during an emergency.
    • c. EAPs have no effect on the number or severity of injuries during and emergency.
    • d. EAPs increase confusion due to the number of documents required.
    • Answer: b. EAPs facilitate and organize actions taken during an emergency
47. Slide 47

    Knowledge Check

    • 2. Fire Prevention Plan (FPP) requirements include all of the following, except ___.
    • a. it must be written document that is kept in the workplace
    • b. it must be made available to employees for review
    • c. the employer must review with each employee the parts of the FPP necessary for self-protection
    • d. FPPs can be communicated orally if there are more than 10 employees
    • Answer: d. FPPs can be communicated orally if there are more than 10 employees
48. Slide 48

    Knowledge Check

    • 3. Which of the following elements are required in order for a fire to occur?
    • a. Sufficient oxygen, fuel, ignition source, and chemical reaction
    • b. Sufficient fuel, carbon dioxide, heat, and chemical reaction
    • c. Combustible materials, spark, heat, and mechanical reaction
    • d. Smoke, heat, flames, and light reaction
    • Answer: a. Sufficient oxygen, fuel, ignition source, and chemical reaction
49. Slide 49

    Knowledge Check

    • 4. Only those employees who have received training on the use of a fire extinguisher can be authorized to use a fire extinguisher during a workplace fire.
    • a. True
    • b. False
    • Answer: a. True
50. Slide 50

    Knowledge Check

    • 5. Which of the following statements represents an element of a good emergency evacuation floor plan?
    • a. Designates one exit pathway so as not to confuse evacuees
    • b. Indicates locations of elevators used to reach emergency exit
    • c. Directs exits away from rooms with hazardous materials
    • d. Indicates restrooms and windows as potential exits
    • Answer: c. Directs exits away from rooms with hazardous materials
51. Slide 51

    Knowledge Check

    • 6. Trash fires involving paper and wood products are __ fires.
    • a. b. c. d.
    • Answer: a. Class A
52. Slide 52

    Knowledge Check

    • 7. Which fire extinguisher is appropriate for use on a fire involving gasoline in a confined space when no respiratory protection is available?
    • a. b. c. d.
    • Water (APW) extinguisher Carbon dioxide extinguisher Dry chemical extinguisher Class K dry-type extinguisher
    • Answer: c. Dry chemical extinguisher
53. Slide 53

    Knowledge Check

    • 8. The P.A.S.S. technique for using a fire extinguisher means ___.
    • a. b. c. d.
    • Position, aim, sweep, slowly
    • Pull, aim, squeeze, sweep
    • Point, away, side-to-side
    • Pin, approach, start, stop
    • Answer: b. Pull, aim, squeeze, sweep
54. Slide 54

    Knowledge Check

    • 9. At minimum, how often must maintenance checks be performed on portable fire extinguishers?
    • a. b. c. d.
    • Once a month
    • Once a year
    • Once every two years Once every five years
    • Answer: b. once a year