Fall Hazards in Construction

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1. Slide 1

   Fall Hazards

   • Fall Prevention in Construction
   • Susan Harwood Grant FY 17
   • SH-31220-SH7
   • This material was produced under Susan Harwood Grant Number SH-31220-SH7 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsements by the U.S. Government.
2. Slide 2

   Introduction

   • The following presentations have been developed in both Spanish and English for the construction industry. These presentations focus in fall Hazards in construction.
   • This training materials will cover the fall hazards seen regularly on construction sites and will focus on the methods for the recognition and the prevention of these common hazards .
3. Slide 3

   Fall Hazards - Overview

   • Fall Hazards
   • Accident Prevention
   • Building Structures
   • Guardrails
   • Exterior Construction Areas
   • Warning Lines
   • Scaffolds
   • Stairs
   • Ladders
   • Personal Fall Arrest Systems
   • Floor Covers
4. Slide 4

   Fall Hazards

   • Falls are one of the greatest hazards on construction sites.
   • This program will help you recognize common fall hazards.
   • The symbols will tell you if the situation in the picture is either safe or not safe.
5. Slide 5

   Fall Hazards Statistics

   • Each year workers die from falls. During the year 2015:
   • Total deaths from falls: 648
   • Deaths in construction: 298
   • A total of 46% of deaths in Construction are from falls
   • Approximately 13% of all occupational deaths are falls
6. Slide 6

   Fall Hazards

   • Fall hazards can be found on every construction site:
   • Building structures
   • Exterior construction areas
   • Scaffolds
   • Stairs
   • Ladders
7. Slide 7

   Building Structures

   • Work conditions 6’ or more above lower level require the use of fall protection:
   • Unprotected sides, edges
   • Leading edges
   • Excavations
   • Walking/working surfaces
8. Slide 8

   Building Structures

   • This worker is working 6’ above the lower level without using fall protection.
9. Slide 9

   Building Structures

   • When working at a height of 6’ above the lower level you must use fall protection:
   • Personal fall arrest systems
   • Guardrails
10. Slide 10

    Building Structures

    • When working at a height of 6’ above the lower level you must use fall protection.
    • These workers are not utilizing a personal fall arrest system.
11. Slide 11

    Building Structures

    • Guardrails must be maintained when working 6’ above lower level.
12. Slide 12

    Building Structures

    • Damaged or missing guardrails must be fixed immediately.
13. Slide 13

    Exterior Construction Areas

    • Falls from a short distance can result in serious injury.
    • All workers must be protected from falling onto sharp materials.
14. Slide 14

    Exterior Construction Areas

    • All open excavations and pier holes must be guarded or protected.
15. Slide 15

    Scaffolds

    • Scaffolds are elevated,temporary work platforms:
    • Supported scaffold
    • Guardrails
    • Access ladders
    • Powered work
    • platforms
16. Slide 16

    Scaffolds

    • Scaffold bases must
    • rest on a base plate and a mud sill.
    • The base plate is
    • designed to level and support the scaffold.
17. Slide 17

    Scaffolds

    • Only work from scaffolds that are properly constructed and supported.
18. Slide 18

    Scaffolds

    • Scaffolds used in stair wells must be properly constructed.
19. Slide 19

    Scaffolds

    • When working on scaffolds 6’ above lower level, guardrails must be installed.
20. Slide 20

    Scaffolds

    • Never use scaffolds that do not have proper guardrails installed.
21. Slide 21

    Scaffolds

    • Scaffold platforms must be fully and properly planked
22. Slide 22

    Scaffolds

    • Never stack blocks, bricks, or use ladders on top of scaffolds for extra height.
23. Slide 23

    Scaffolds

    • Workers must have a safe way to access the scaffold.
24. Slide 24

    Scaffolds

    • Never use blocks, bricks, walk boards, and other unsafe methods to access a scaffold.
25. Slide 25

    Scaffolds

    • Use only ladders designed for use with scaffolds.
    • The ladder must be firmly secured to the scaffold.
26. Slide 26

    Powered Work Platforms

    • Powered platforms include:
    • man-baskets placed on a forklift, aerial lifts, and scissor lifts.
27. Slide 27

    Powered Work Platforms

    • Always make sure you have proper fall protection and training before using a powered platform.
28. Slide 28

    Powered Work Platforms

    • Only use equipment that is designed for lifting personnel.
29. Slide 29

    Stairs

    • Stairways must have a stair rail along each unprotected side or edge.
30. Slide 30

    Stairs

    • Stairs that have walls on both sides must have at least one hand rail on the right-hand side when climbing down.
31. Slide 31

    Ladders

    • Never use stairs that are not complete or unsafe.
32. Slide 32

    Ladders

    • Ladders must be inspected prior to use.
    • Ladders must be kept in a good condition and safe location.
33. Slide 33

    Ladders

    • Do not stand on the top of a ladder.
34. Slide 34

    Ladders

    • Read labels on ladders for instructions to ensure proper use
35. Slide 35

    Ladders

    • Always maintain
    • good footing on a step ladder.
    • Use the correct
    • size ladder for the work that is to be done.
36. Slide 36

    Ladders

    • Always use the right equipment for the job:
    • Ladders
    • Lifts
    • Scaffolds
37. Slide 37

    Ladders

    • Never straddle or sit on top of a step ladder.
38. Slide 38

    Ladders

    • An A-Frame ladder
    • must be fully opened and locked into position.
    • Use ladders only for
    • their designed purpose.
39. Slide 39

    Ladders

    • Only use ladders on stable and level surfaces to prevent accidental movement.
40. Slide 40

    Ladders

    • Ladders must be positioned at a safe angle to avoid potential fall hazards when climbing.
    • Extension ladders must extend 3’ over the landing for safe access.
41. Slide 41

    Ladders

    • When using a portable ladder for access to an upper landing surface, the side rails must extend at least 3’ above the upper landing surface.
42. Slide 42

    Ladders

    • Proper use
    • vs.
    • Improper application
43. Slide 43

    Ladders

    • Maintain contact with the ladder using both hands to keep a safe grip.
    • Face ladder when going up or down.
    • Never climb a ladder while carrying any materials.
44. Slide 44

    Job Made Ladders

    • Job made ladders must be properly constructed:
    • Steps equally spaced
    • No missing steps or rungs
    • No sharp edges or nails sticking out
45. Slide 45

    Job Made Ladders

    • Never use a job made
    • ladder that is damaged or missing steps.
    • Only use a job made
    • ladder that has been properly built.
46. Slide 46

    Job Made Ladders

    • must also be constructed so that no nails protrude or sharp edges exist.
    • Nails and sharp
    • edges can catch on
    • clothing and cause
    • falls.
47. Slide 47

    QUIZ

    • You will be presented with a specific hazard recognition question to test your understanding of this material.
48. Slide 48

    Question 1

    • Before using a ladder, inspect it for which of the following?
    • A.
    • Cracks in the frame
    • B.
    • Broken or missing rungs
    • C.
    • Oil, grease or other substances on the rungs
    • D.
    • All of the above
49. Slide 49

    Question 1

    • Before using a ladder, inspect it for which of the following?
    • The correct answer is:
    • D – All of the above
50. Slide 50

    Question 2

    • Job made ladders may be used if the steps are equally spaced with no steps missing and no sharp edges or nails sticking out.
    • True
    • B. False
    • A.
51. Slide 51

    Question 2

    • Job made ladders may be used if the steps are equally spaced with no steps missing and no sharp edges or nails sticking out.
    • The correct answer is:
    • A - True
52. Slide 52

    Question 3

    • When erecting scaffolding, the base plate must be placed on what?
    • A.
    • B.
    • C.
    • D.
    • A Firm Foundation
    • Cement Blocks
    • Soft Dirt
    • Wood Blocks
53. Slide 53

    Question 3

    • When erecting scaffolding, the base plate must be placed on what?
    • The correct answer is:
    • A – A Firm Foundation
54. Slide 54

    Question 4

    • When working on scaffolding and you need a little more height, you must do the following:
    • Stand on a saw-horse Jump
    • Erect another section of scaffolding
    • D. Use a ladder
    • A. B. C.
55. Slide 55

    Question 4

    • When working on scaffolding and you need a little more height, you must do the following:
    • The correct answer is:
    • C – Erect another section of scaffolding
56. Slide 56

    Question 5

    • Stairs that are incomplete and missing handrails are acceptable to use during the construction phase of the project.
    • True
    • B. False
    • A.
57. Slide 57

    Question 5

    • Stairs that are incomplete and missing handrails are acceptable to use during the construction phase of the project.
    • The correct answer is:
    • B – False
58. Slide 58

    Accident Prevention

    • A willing, positive attitude towards safety will help make a safer work environment.
59. Slide 59

    Preventing Fall Accidents

    • Construction work performed at 6’ or higher above a lower level requires fall protection.
    • Some fall protection methods include:
    • Guardrails
    • Warning lines
    • Fall arrest systems and
    • Floor covers
60. Slide 60

    Guardrails

    • Guardrails must have a top rail, a mid rail and a toe board.
    • The top rail must be at least 42” from the working surface.
61. Slide 61

    Guardrails

    • All guardrails must be constructed with a top rail and a mid rail.
    • The top rail must support 200 lbs. of force downward and outward.
62. Slide 62

    Guardrails

    • Cable guardrails must meet the same rules as wood guardrails.
    • The top rail must be at least 42” high and resist up to 200 lbs.
63. Slide 63

    Cable Guardrails

    • Steel cable guardrails must have the top rail flagged every 6 feet.
64. Slide 64

    Cable Guardrails

    • The clamps used for a steel cable system must be placed correctly.
65. Slide 65

    Warning Lines

    • Warning lines are used to keep workers away from an unsafe edge.
    • The warning line must be at least 6’ away from the edge.
66. Slide 66

    Warning Lines

    • Warning lines must withstand 16 lbs. of tipping force.
    • The warning line must be at least 34” from the ground.
67. Slide 67

    Warning Lines

    • Warning lines must be maintained.
    • Report any unsafe condition to your supervisor.
68. Slide 68

    Warning Lines

    • Never work in an area if the warning line has been knocked down or damaged.
69. Slide 69

    Personal Fall Arrest Systems

    • The fall arrest system components are:
    • body harness,
    • lanyard, and
    • anchorage point
70. Slide 70

    Personal Fall Arrest Systems

    • Body harness must be worn properly.
    • D-ring must rest between the shoulders and the chest strap must be secured.
71. Slide 71

    Body harness must be:

    • Personal Fall Arrest Systems
    • inspected before use,
    • adjusted to fit the worker, and
    • free from other visible damage.
72. Slide 72

    Personal Fall Arrest Systems

    • Lanyards must be in good condition and free from visible damage.
73. Slide 73

    Personal Fall Arrest Systems

    • Lanyard must attach to the D-ring on the body harness.
74. Slide 74

    Personal Fall Arrest Systems

    • Never anchor or tie
    • off to pipes, wood structures, electrical wires, or other areas not designed for anchorage points.
75. Slide 75

    Personal Fall Arrest Systems

    • The anchorage point is
    • the place where you tie off to or hook to.
    • The anchorage point
    • must support the force of a person falling.
76. Slide 76

    Personal Fall Arrest Systems

    • A life line is used to allow a worker to stay tied off while he moves through the work area.
77. Slide 77

    Personal Fall Arrest Systems

    • Workers must always be tied off when working with a personal fall arrest system .
78. Slide 78

    Floor Covers

    • The cover must be marked to make sure everyone knows it is a safety device.
79. Slide 79

    Floor Covers

    • All floor holes where an employee could fall through must be covered or guarded.
80. Slide 80

    Floor Covers

    • Sky-lights are another form of floor holes.
    • Never sit, stand, or place any materials on sky-lights.
81. Slide 81

    Floor Covers

    • Pier holes must be guarded or protected.
    • Either a guard rail system or floor hole cover can be used.
82. Slide 82

    QUIZ

    • You will be presented with a specific accident prevention question to test your understanding of this material.
83. Slide 83

    Question 1

    • While working in the construction industry, at what height is fall protection required?
    • 4 feet
    • B. 10 feet
    • C. 6 feet
    • D. 8 feet
    • A.
84. Slide 84

    Question 1

    • While working in the construction industry, at what height is fall protection required?
    • The correct answer is:
    • C – 6 feet
85. Slide 85

    Question 2

    • Guardrails are designed to protect you from falling. The top rail must be inches high and be able to withstand pounds of force.
    • A. 42 / 300
    • B. 36 / 300
    • C. 42 / 200
    • D. 36 / 200
86. Slide 86

    Question 2

    • Guardrails are designed to protect you from falling. The top rail must be inches high and be able to withstand
    • pounds of force.
    • The correct answer is:
    • C – 42 / 200
87. Slide 87

    Question 3

    • Guardrails can be made of wood or steel cables. When using steel cables the cable clamps must be placed:
    • In alternating directions
    • With the U-bolt on the dead end of the cable With the saddle on the dead end of the cable
    • D. None of the above, clamps are not required
    • A. B. C.
88. Slide 88

    Question 3

    • Guardrails can be made of wood or steal cables. When using steal cables the cable clamps must be placed:
    • The correct answer is:
    • B – With the U-bolt on the dead end of the cable
89. Slide 89

    Question 4

    • When inspecting a harness before using it, you should look for the following:
    • Cuts/Abrasions
    • B. Burns
    • C. Other visible damage
    • D. All the above
    • A.
90. Slide 90

    Question 4

    • When inspecting a harness before using it, you should look for the following:
    • The correct answer is:
    • D – All the above
91. Slide 91

    Question 5

    • Floor holes can include which of the following:
    • Pier holes, skylights and stair openings
    • B. Pier holes, skylights and window openings
    • C. Skylights, stair openings and doorways
    • D. Skylights, stair openings and open sided floors
    • A.
92. Slide 92

    Question 5

    • Floor holes can include which of the following:
    • The correct answer is:
    • A – Pier holes, skylights and stair openings
93. Slide 93

    Thank You For Attending!

    • Questions