Preventing Sprains, Strains, and Repetitive Motion Injuries

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1. Slide 1

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • State Building & Construction Trades Council of California, AFL-CIO, 2012
   • INJURIES
   • Preventing Sprains, Strains, and Repetitive Motion Injuries
2. Slide 2

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • This material was produced under grant number SH-22310-11- 60-F-6 from the Occupational Health and Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
   • INJURIES
   • OSHA Grant Number
3. Slide 3

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • Cal/OSHA
   • Worker Occupational Safety and Health Training Program, The Commission on Health and Safety and Workers' Compensation, California, Department of Industrial Relations
   • The Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR)
   • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003-2009 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and Current Population Survey (Calculations by the CPWR Data Center.)
   • NIOSH
   • eLCOSH Images
   • Oregon OSHA Online Course 1201: Introduction to Ergonomics
   • Washington OSHA (WISHA)
   • Liberty Mutual, Workplace Safety Index, 2011
   • Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)
   • INJURIES
   • Credits – Sources of Information
4. Slide 4

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • After completing this workshop, you will be able to:
   • Define and explain the terms Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and ergonomics.
   • Identify 3-5 risk factors for MSD injuries.
   • Analyze a job task for risk factors.
   • Identify 3-5 solutions to eliminate or reduce MSDs.
   • Recognize the elements of a comprehensive ergonomics program.
   • INJURIES
   • Workshop Objectives
5. Slide 5

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • In 2010, 25% of construction injuries were from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
   • Photo Credit: Matt Gillen/NIOSH, elcoshimages.org
   • INJURIES
   • Why This Class…
6. Slide 6

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • An injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, and spinal discs.
   • What are some examples of MSDs?
   • Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
   • Tendinitis
   • Bursitis
   • Illustration Source: Occupational Health and Safety Council of Ontario
   • INJURIES
   • What Are Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)?
7. Slide 7

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • INJURIES
   • MSDs: The Leading Construction Injury
8. Slide 8

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003-2009 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and Current Population Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center. Graph: CPWR Data Center.
   • INJURIES
   • Rate Of MSDs In Construction, By Selected Occupations, 2003-2009
9. Slide 9

   PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

   • Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1992-2009 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Graph: CPWR Data Center.
   • INJURIES
   • Days Away From Work, MSDs vs. All Nonfatal Construction Injuries , 1992-2009
10. Slide 10

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003-2009 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, Current Population Survey. Calculations by The CPWR Data Center. Graph: CPWR Data Center.
    • INJURIES
    • % of MSDs
    • MSDs By Body Part In Construction, 2003-2009
11. Slide 11

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Source: Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index Findings
    • © 2011 Liberty Mutual Group. All Rights Reserved
    • INJURIES
    • Cost Of Injuries
12. Slide 12

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Fitting the job to the Worker.
    • INJURIES
    • What Is “Ergonomics?”
13. Slide 13

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). Injuries involving strain which develop, or build up over time.
    • Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs). Injuries affecting muscles, nerves and tendons by repetitive movement and overuse. The condition mostly affects the upper body.
    • Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Injuries and disorders to soft body tissues including muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, and spinal discs.
    • Repetitive motion injuries (RMIs). An injury to the body that is caused by performing the same motion over and over again thereby straining a body part.
    • INJURIES
    • What Are 4 Terms Commonly Used For “Ergonomic” Injuries?
14. Slide 14

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • INJURIES
    • Where Does It Hurt: Body Mapping Exercise
15. Slide 15

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • INJURIES
    • What Construction Job Tasks Cause Pain?
16. Slide 16

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • OUCH
    • OUCH
    • OUCH
    • INJURIES
    • “Ouch” Activity
17. Slide 17

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Awkward postures Repetition
    • Excessive Force
    • Static posture Vibration
    • Poorly Designed Tools Extreme temperature Poor work organization
    • Photo Credit: Iron Workers, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, elcoshimages.org
    • INJURIES
    • What Risk Factors Can Cause MSD Injuries?
18. Slide 18

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What awkward postures do you work in?
    • Photo Credit: Iron Workers, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, elcoshimages.org
    • INJURIES
    • Awkward Postures
19. Slide 19

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What jobs require repetition?
    • Photo Credit: Earl Dotter, elcoshimages.org
    • INJURIES
    • Repetition
20. Slide 20

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What jobs require excessive force?
    • Photo Credit: Earl Dotter, elcoshimages.org
    • INJURIES
    • Excessive Force
21. Slide 21

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What jobs require work in a static or stationary position?
    • Photo Credit: Mount Sinai/ CHEP, elcoshimages.com.
    • INJURIES
    • Static Posture
22. Slide 22

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What jobs expose you to vibration?
    • Photo Credit: John Ruckus/NIOSH, elcoshimages.org
    • Photo Credit: Mount Sinai/CHEP, elcoshimages.org
    • INJURIES
    • Vibration
23. Slide 23

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What’s the problem with these tools?
    • Photo Credit: Easy Ergonomics: A Guide to Selecting Non-Powered Hand Tools, Cal/OSHA, NIOSH
    • INJURIES
    • Poorly Designed Tools
24. Slide 24

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Do you work in cold or hot conditions for extended periods of time?
    • Photo Credit: NIOSH, elcoshimages.org
    • Photo Credit: LOHP, Federal OSHA.
    • INJURIES
    • Extreme Temperature
25. Slide 25

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • This refers to the way jobs are structured, carried out, and supervised, for example:
    • Production schedule demands
    • Infrequent rest breaks
    • Not enough workers
    • Poor planning
    • Poor supervision
    • Have you experienced poor work organization?
    • INJURIES
    • Poor Work Organization
26. Slide 26

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What are some other ways to identify risk factors on your job?
    • Employer records (OSHA 300 logs, workers’ comp info., etc.) Worker surveys or interviews
    • Walk around inspections
    • Job evaluations
    • Photo Source: Cal/OSHA Consultation
    • INJURIES
    • Identifying Risk Factors
27. Slide 27

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What are some ways to prevent strains, sprains, and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)?
    • Better materials
    • Better tools
    • Improved work methods
    • Better work organizaiton
    • Training
    • Stretch and flex, and
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE)
    • Illustration Source: Simple Solutions, NIOSH
    • INJURIES
    • Problem Solving
28. Slide 28

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • How can building materials be improved?
    • Better materials should be:
    • Lighter weight
    • Packaged in smaller units
    • Redesigned – like the blocks in this photo.
    • Photo Source: NIOSH Publication No. 2007-122: Simple Solutions: Ergonomics for Construction Workers
    • INJURIES
    • Solution: Better Materials
29. Slide 29

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Do you use poorly designed tools on your job? What should you look for in a hand tool?
    • The best tool is one that:
    • Fits the job you are doing
    • Fits the work space available
    • Reduces the force you need to apply
    • Fits your hand
    • Can be used in a comfortable work position
    • INJURIES
    • Solution: Better Hand Tools
30. Slide 30

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • How should you select a power tool?
    • It should have a long trigger.
    • It should have low vibration and noise levels.
    • It should be heavy enough to do the job, but not add strain.
    • Use a power tool instead of a hand tool when you can.
    • Photo Source: Ergonomics eTool: Solutions For Electrical Contractors, Federal OSHA
    • INJURIES
    • Power Tools
31. Slide 31

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • How can the work be done differently to reduce risk factors at your job?
    • Use platforms, lifts and forklifts
    • Use hoists or chain falls
    • Use carts and dollies
    • Make smaller loads
    • Use power tool instead of hand tools
    • Power vacuum lifter avoids manual lifting
    • INJURIES
    • Solution: Improved Work Methods
32. Slide 32

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • How can risk factors be reduced by better planning and organization?
    • Plan the work ahead of time
    • Deliver materials close to where they will be used
    • Have proper equipment at the job site
    • Minimize bending, reaching or twisting – work at waist level whenever possible
    • Use the buddy system – get help
    • INJURIES
    • Solution: Better Planning and Organization
33. Slide 33

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What should training include?
    • Risk factors
    • Symptoms of MSDs
    • Impact of MSDs on workers’ lives
    • Solutions
    • What training have you received about MSDs or ergonomics?
    • Photo Credit: Debra Chaplan, State Building & Construction Trades of California
    • INJURIES
    • Solution: Training
34. Slide 34

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • How many of you have participated in a worksite stretch and flex program? What are the pros and cons?
    • Photo Source: University of Washington
    • INJURIES
    • Solution: Stretching
35. Slide 35

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that employers not rely on back belts to protect workers.
    • What are some examples of PPEs that can help reduce MSDs?
    • Shoulder pads
    • Knee pads
    • Vibration reducing gloves
    • INJURIES
    • Solution: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
36. Slide 36

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What are some challenges implementing solutions?
    • Costs too much
    • Slows down production
    • Equipment not available
    • Change isn’t easy
    • Preventing MSD hazards is less expensive and more effective than trying to control them later.
    • INJURIES
    • Implementing Solutions
37. Slide 37

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Break into small groups.
    • View construction photo.
    • Complete Construction Solutions Worksheet:
    • Identify risk factors
    • Identify solutions
    • What changes can the worker make on his/her own?
    • What changes can a contractor make?
    • What can the union do?
    • Each small group reports back on their findings.
    • INJURIES
    • Small Group Activity - Solutions
38. Slide 38

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Credit: Cement Masons/Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, elcoshimages.com
    • INJURIES
    • Small Group #1: Screeding
39. Slide 39

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Manual Screed
    • Roller screed
    • Walk-behind screed
    • Photo Source: Ergonomic Interventions in Construction: Evaluation, Diffusion, and Adoption, Steve Hecker
    • INJURIES
    • Screed Solutions
40. Slide 40

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Source: Ergonomic Interventions in Construction: Evaluation, Diffusion, and Adoption, Steve Hecker
    • INJURIES
    • Small Group #2: Handling Drywall
41. Slide 41

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Source: Ergonomic Interventions in Construction: Evaluation, Diffusion, and Adoption, Steve Hecker
    • INJURIES
    • Drywall Solutions
42. Slide 42

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Source: Construction Solutions: Solution: Rebar-Tying Tools, CPWR
    • INJURIES
    • Small Group #3: Rebar Tying
43. Slide 43

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Source: Rebar-Tying Machines Part 1 (Part of Construction Safety Magazine, Volume 12, Number 4, Winter 2001/02, Ontario Canada.)
    • Photo Source: Construction Solutions: Solution: Rebar-Tying Tools, CPWR
    • INJURIES
    • Rebar Tying Solution
44. Slide 44

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Credit: NIOSH/John Rekus, elcoshimages.org
    • INJURIES
    • Small Group #4: Overhead Drilling
45. Slide 45

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Source: Ergonomics, David Rempel, University of California
    • INJURIES
    • Overhead Drilling Solution
46. Slide 46

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Source: Construction Solutions: Solution: Power Caulking Guns, CPWR
    • INJURIES
    • Small Group #5: Caulking
47. Slide 47

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Photo Source: Construction Solutions: Solution: Power Caulking Guns, CPWR
    • INJURIES
    • Power Caulking Gun Solution
48. Slide 48

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What changes can the worker do on his/her own?
    • What changes can a contractor make?
    • What can the union do?
    • Illustration Source: NIOSH Publication No. 2007-122: Simple Solutions: Ergonomics for Construction Workers
    • INJURIES
    • What Can You Do To Get Solutions Implemented?
49. Slide 49

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • The standard requires employers to take action to prevent repetitive motion injuries if:
    • Two workers have reported repetitive motion injuries within a 12-month period
    • —and—
    • These injuries are a result of performing identical work and are diagnosed by a physician.
    • INJURIES
    • Cal/OSHA’s Ergonomics Standard
50. Slide 50

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What should be included in an Ergonomics program to reduce MSDs?
    • Management commitment and worker involvement
    • Hazard Information and Reporting
    • Job Hazard Analysis and Control
    • Training
    • MSD Medical Management
    • Program Evaluation
    • INJURIES
    • Components of an Ergonomics Program
51. Slide 51

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Participatory Ergonomic Programs emphasize worker participation and include five steps:
    • 1) identification of musculoskeletal disorders and workplace hazards that may cause these problems,
    • 2) analysis of workplace hazards,
    • 3) development of solutions to reduce or eliminate hazards,
    • 4) implementation of solutions, and
    • 5) evaluation of the solution's effectiveness.
    • INJURIES
    • Workers Are The Experts
52. Slide 52

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • What key points did you learn in this workshop?
    • 1. Ergonomics is the process of fitting the job to the worker.
    • 2. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are injuries affecting the muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and soft body tissues.
    • 3. MSDs are one of the most costly workplace injuries.
    • 4. MSD risk factors include: awkward postures, repetition, excessive force, static posture, vibration, poorly designed tools, extreme temperature, poor work organization.
    • 5. Solutions include: better materials, better tools, improved work methods, better work organization, training, stretching, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
    • 6. Cal/OSHA has an ergonomics standard, but it is very limited.
    • 7. A comprehensive ergonomics program involves workers.
    • INJURIES
    • Workshop Review
53. Slide 53

    PREVENTING SPRAINS, STRAINS AND REPETITIVE MOTION

    • Thank you for attending the workshop.
    • Please take a moment to evaluate this workshop so we can improve it.
    • INJURIES
    • Workshop Evaluation