Module 10: Electrical Standards

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1. Slide 1

   MODULE 10

   • Electrical Standards
2. Slide 2

   Hazard Brainstorming

   • Where are electrical hazards on oil and gas well sites?
3. Slide 3

   Statistics

   • Electrocution: Among most frequent causes of occupational injury death in US
   • 295 fatalities/year; 4309 lost time
   • 1992-2002: 9% decrease
   • Most frequent cause: Overhead power lines
4. Slide 4

   Factors in Fatal Electrocutions

   • Safe work practices implemented and followed?
   • Adequate/required PPE provided and worn?
   • Lockout/tagout procedures implemented and followed?
   • OSHA, NEC, NESC compliance?
   • Worker and supervisor training adequate?
   • (from NIOSH)
5. Slide 5

   Types of Electrical Injuries

   • Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)
   • Electrical shock
   • Burns (ugly pictures here)
   • Falls
6. Slide 6

   Hazard Recognition

   • How can you sense electrical danger?
   • Cannot see, smell, taste, or hear danger
   • Can recognize unsafe conditions
7. Slide 7

   Electrical Terminology

   • Current – movement of electrical charge
   • Resistance – opposition to current flow
   • Voltage – measure of electrical force
   • Conductors – substances with little resistance to electricity (such as metals)
   • Insulators – substances with high resistance to electricity (such as wood, rubber, glass, & bakelite)
   • Grounding – a conductive connection to the earth (which acts as a protective measure)
8. Slide 8

   Electrical Shock

   • Received when current passes through body
   • Severity depends on:
   • Path of current through body
   • Amount of current flowing through body
   • Length of time body is in circuit
   • Also: voltage, moisture, heart cycle, health
   • Low voltage is NOT low hazard!
9. Slide 9

   Dangers of Electrical Shock

   • Currents >75 mA* can cause ventricular fibrillation (rapid, ineffective heartbeat)
   • mA = milliampere = 1/1,000 of an ampere
   • Death within minutes unless a defibrillator is used
   • 75 mA is not much current
   • (a small power drill uses 30 times as much)
10. Slide 10

    Effects of Current on Body

    • 1 mA: Perception level, slight tingling.
    • 5 mA: Slight shock; not painful.
    • Can usually let go.
    • Involuntary reactions can cause injuries.
    • 6-30 mA: Painful shock
    • Muscular control lost
    • Freezing current or “let-go” range
11. Slide 11

    Effects of Current on Body

    • 50-150 mA: Extreme pain
    • Respiratory arrest; cannot let go
    • Death possible
    • 1000-4300 mA: Ventricular fibrillation
    • Muscular contraction; nerve damage
    • Death likely
    • 10000 mA: Cardiac arrest
    • Severe burns, probable death
12. Slide 12

    How Shock Happens

    • Connection between:
    • 2 wires of energized circuit
    • 1 wire of energized circuit and ground
    • Metallic part in contact with energized wire and ground
13. Slide 13

    Inadequate Wiring Hazards

    • What happens when a wire is too small to carry the current safely?
    • Overheating
    • Risk of fire or short circuit
    • Fuse acts as sacrificial weak link
    • Fuse too strong?
    • Other parts of the system break first
    • Wire Gauge
    • WIRE
14. Slide 14

    29 CFR 1910 and 29 CFR 1926

    • 1910 Subpart S = Electrical
    • Revised 2/14/2007; effective in 180 days
    • 1910 Subpart I = PPE
    • 1910.137 Electrical Protective Devices
    • 1926 Subpart K = Electrical
    • Protect against recognized hazards
15. Slide 15

    Other Standards

    • NFPA 70E enacted to help meet CFR
    • Revised Subpart S based heavily on 2000 version
    • 2004 version now published
    • OSHA chose which provisions of 70E to adopt
16. Slide 16

    29 CFR 1910 Subpart S

    • Electrical standards for general industry
    • § 302-308 and 399 updated: PM App. C
    • 5 main groups of standards:
    • Design safety standards § 302-330
    • Safety-related work practices § 331-360
    • Reserved: maintenance, special equipment
    • Definitions: § 399
17. Slide 17

    1910.302 Electric utilization systems (PM Appendix C)

    • Applicability of regulations
    • By type of installation
    • By installation date
18. Slide 18
    • 1903.303
    • General
19. Slide 19

    1910.303 (a) Approval

    • Conductors and equipment acceptable only if approved
    • Note: If installation is made in accordance with NEC or ANSI/NFPA it will be deemed in compliance.
    • See definitions
20. Slide 20

    1910.303(b) Examination, installation, and use of equipment

    • Examination – shall be free of recognized hazards
    • Suitability (check listing/labeling)
    • Other factors listed in regulation
    • Installation and use – by instructions
    • Insulation integrity
    • Interrupting rating (fuses, breakers)
21. Slide 21

    1910.303(b) Examination, installation, and use of equipment

    • Circuit impedance…
    • Deteriorating agents – water, gases, excessive temperature, corrosives…
    • Mechanical execution of work
    • Close unused openings for protection
    • Conductors racked for safe access
    • Internal parts not contaminated
    • No damaged parts
22. Slide 22

    1910.303(b) Examination, installation, and use of equipment

    • Mounting and cooling
    • Firmly secured
    • Air circulation; clearance
    • Ventilation openings not obstructed
23. Slide 23

    1910.303(c) Electrical connections

    • General – dissimilar metals
    • Terminals – connections
    • Splices – correctly performed, insulated
24. Slide 24

    1910.303(d) Arcing parts

    • Some electrical equipment normally produces arcs, sparks, flames, molten metal
    • Keep isolated from combustible material
25. Slide 25

    1910.303(e) Marking

    • Manufacturer and ratings must be marked
    • Voltage, current, wattage, etc.
    • Durable markings in environment
26. Slide 26

    1910.303(f) Disconnecting means and circuits

    • Legibly marked to indicate purpose
    • Unless purpose is evident
    • Durable
    • Able to be locked open
    • Series combination rating = special marking
27. Slide 27

    Example of properly labeled electric service: motors, disconnects and breakers

    • FOR EXAMPLE…
    • Subtitles & Transitions
28. Slide 28

    1910.303(g) 600 Volts, nominal, or less

    • 1. Space about electric equipment
    • Space, not used for storage
    • Guarded when parts exposed Entrances
    • Illumination
    • Headroom
    • Control boards in dedicated, protected space
29. Slide 29

    1910.303(g) 600 Volts, nominal, or less

    • 2. Guarding of live parts
    • Live parts ≥ 50 volts protected from people
    • Protection from damage
    • Warning signs for unqualified persons
30. Slide 30

    1910.303(h) Over 600 volts, nominal

    • 2. Enclosure / access control
    • 3. Work space about equipment
    • 4. Entrance and access to work space
    • 5. Working space and guarding
31. Slide 31

    Wiring Design and Protection

    • 1903.304
32. Slide 32

    1910.304(a) Use and identification of grounding conductors

    • 1. Grounded & equipment grounding conductors identifiable & distinguishable
    • Grounded = white or gray
    • Equipment grounding = green, or green with yellow strips, or bare
    • 2. Polarity may not be reversed
    • 3. Grounding devices not used for other purposes
33. Slide 33

    Polarity

    • Reversed polarity: Neutral (grounded) conductor connected to hot (ungrounded) terminal
    • incorrectly
    • Most common on smaller branch circuits
    • 120 V receptacle outlets
    • Cord- and plug-connected equipment
34. Slide 34

    Example of properly labeled electric service: motors, disconnects and breakers

    • FOR EXAMPLE…
    • Subtitles & Transitions
35. Slide 35

    1910.304(b) Branch circuits

    • 1. Identification of multiwire branch circuits
    • For >1 voltage system in a building
    • ID phase and system
    • Permanently posted at each panelboard
36. Slide 36

    1910.304(b) Branch circuits

    • 2. Receptacles and cord connectors
    • i.
    • Grounding type for 15A & 20A circuits
    • Receptacles only on circuits matching voltage and current rating
    • ii. Grounding contacts grounded
    • Except portable / vehicle-mounted generators Except replacement receptacles
    • iii. Grounding contact connected to equipment grounding conductor
37. Slide 37

    1910.304(b) Branch circuits

    • 2. Receptacles and cord connectors
    • iv. Replacement of receptacles
    • Grounding-type where grounding means exists
    • GFCI where required
    • Options for lack of grounding means
    • v. Plugs not interchangeable for different voltage, frequency, type of current
38. Slide 38

    1910.304(b) Branch circuits

    • 3. Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)
    • i. Bathroom or rooftops
    • ii. Temporary wiring:
    • Including extension cords
    • If unavailable for less-usual type of receptacle: assured equipment grounding conductor program.
39. Slide 39

    1910.304(b) Branch circuits

    • 4. Outlet devices
    • i. Heavy-duty lampholders for >20A
    • ii. Receptacle outlets:
    • Receptacle ampere rating ≥ branch circuit For ≥2 outlets on branch circuit: Table S-4
40. Slide 40

    1910.304(b) Branch circuits

    • For ≥2 outlets on branch circuit: Table S-5 ≥ 50 A: receptacle ≥ branch-circuit rating
    • 5. Cord connections: Outlet where flexible cords with plugs used
41. Slide 41

    1910.304(c) Outside conductors, 600 volts, nominal, or less

    • Clearance
    • 1. Power conductors on poles
    • 2. Clearance of open conductors from ground:
    • 10 feet – above sidewalk, grade, platform 12 feet – vehicular traffic
    • 15 feet – truck traffic
    • 18 feet – public streets, alleys, driveways
42. Slide 42

    1910.304(c) Outside conductors, 600 volts, nominal, or less

    • 3. Clearance from building openings
    • No outer jacket: 3 foot clearance, except above window
    • Not beneath or obstructing openings where materials may be moved
    • 4. Above roofs: 8 ft above, 3 ft from edge
    • Pedestrians? Platform Exceptions for slope, attachment
43. Slide 43

    1910.304(d) Location of outdoor lamps

    • d. Location of outdoor lamps
    • Under energized equipment unless
    • Equipment can be locked out or Clearance/other safeguards adequate
44. Slide 44

    1910.304(e) Services

    • Disconnecting means
    • Services over 600 volts, nominal
    • Main switch disconnects all, indicates on/off
    • Accessible only to qualified; warning signs
45. Slide 45

    1910.304(f) Overcurrent protection

    • 1. 600 volts, nominal, or less
    • i. Protect conductors and equipment
    • iv. Overcurrent devices readily accessible
    • To employees & building management
    • Not exposed to damage or ignitable material
    • v. Located/shielded to avoid injury/burns
    • vi. On/off position clearly indicated
    • vii. Vertical: up = on
    • 2. Special rules for over 600 volts
46. Slide 46

    1910.304(g) Grounding

    • 1. Systems to be grounded
    • i. 3-wire DC: neutral conductor
    • ii. 2-wire DC, >50V-300V, with exceptions
    • iii. AC <50V in certain cases
    • iv. AC 50V-1000V (unless exempt) under 4 conditions
    • v. Exemptions for AC 50V-1000V
47. Slide 47

    1910.304(g) Grounding

    • 2. Conductor to be grounded
    • 3. Portable and vehicle-mounted generators: frame as grounding electrode
    • 4. Grounding connections
    • 5. Grounding path: permanent, continuous, effective
48. Slide 48

    Grounding

    • One conductor of the circuit intentionally grounded to earth
    • Protects circuit from lightning or other high voltage contact
    • Stabilizes the voltage in the system so “expected voltage levels” are not exceeded under normal conditions
49. Slide 49

    Grounding

    • Metal frames / enclosures of equipment grounded by permanent connection or bond
    • Equipment grounding conductor provides path for dangerous fault current to return to ground
    • If damage, corrosion, loosening, etc. impairs continuity, shock and burn hazards will develop
50. Slide 50

    Grounding Path

    • Shall have capacity to conduct safely any likely fault current.
    • Fault currents may be many times normal currents; can melt points of poor conductivity
    • High temperatures = hazard; can destroy ground-fault path
51. Slide 51

    1910.304(g) Grounding

    • 6. Supports, enclosures, equipment
    • vi. Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of cord- and plug-connected equipment
    • 7. Nonelectrical equipment
    • 8. Methods of grounding fixed equipment
    • 9. Grounding of systems and circuits 1000 volts and over (high voltage)
52. Slide 52

    Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI’s)

    • GFCI ≠ overcurrent device like a fuse
    • or circuit breaker
    • Designed to sense an imbalance in current flow over the normal path
    • Opens circuit if current in hot and grounded wires differ by 5mA ± 1mA
    • Must be installed correctly and tested
53. Slide 53
    • 1903.305
    • Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use
54. Slide 54

    1910.305(a) Wiring methods

    • Not applicable to factory-assembled
    • 1. General requirements
    • i.
    • Metal parts as grounding conductors: effectively bonded
    • ii. Internal insulated grounding conductor for isolated enclosure
    • iii. No wiring systems in ventilation ducts
55. Slide 55

    1910.305(a) Wiring methods

    • 2. Temporary wiring
    • Restricted uses
    • Removed after project completion Requirements for feeders and branch circuits
    • Grounding receptacles
    • No bare conductors or earth returns Disconnecting switches
56. Slide 56

    1910.305(a) Wiring methods

    • 2.Temporary wiring, continued
    • Lamps protected from contact or breakage
    • Flexible cords protected from damage
    • Cables supported
57. Slide 57

    1910.305(b) Cabinets, boxes, and fittings

    • 1. Conductors entering boxes, cabinets, or fittings
    • Must be protected from abrasion Openings must be closed, with or without wires running through
    • 2. Covers and canopies
    • Metal covers must be grounded
    • >600V: complete, secure, marked enclosure
58. Slide 58

    1910.305(c) Switches

    • Gravity must not close switches
    • Warning if power may still be available while switch is closed
    • Faceplates where appropriate
    • Grounding
59. Slide 59

    panelboards, and enclosures for damp locations

    • Switchboards and panelboards
    • Switchboards with exposed live parts: in dry places accessible only to qualified persons
    • Panelboards: in enclosures with no live parts on front
    • Switches dead when open
    • Enclosures for wet locations
    • Airspace, weatherproof
60. Slide 60

    1910.305(f) Conductors for general wiring

    • Insulated unless otherwise permitted
    • Approved type for use
    • Distinguishable by color or other means
    • Grounded
    • Ungrounded
    • Equipment grounding
61. Slide 61

    1910.305(g) Flexible cords and cables

    • In general much more easily damaged
    • Should not be used if recognized options can be used instead
    • Must be approved for conditions and location
    • Allowable purposes listed
62. Slide 62

    1910.305(g) Flexible cords and cables

    • May not be substituted for fixed wiring
    • May not be run through walls, ceilings, floors, doors, windows
    • May not be attached to buildings
    • May not be concealed in walls, ceilings, floors
    • May not be spliced, except hard service ≥#14
    • Strain relief needed on connections
63. Slide 63

    Flexible cords: Acceptable?

    • Short cord as part of a tool? Yes.
    • Temporary use of extension cord for tool/appliance? Yes.
    • Obviously not temporary? No.
    • Extended over distance to avoid installing fixed outlet? No.
64. Slide 64

    1910.305(j) Equipment for general use

    • 1. Lighting fixtures, lampholders, lamps, receptacles
    • 2. Receptacles, cord connectors, and attachment plugs (caps)
    • 3. Appliances
    • 4. Motors
    • 5. Transformers
    • 6. Capacitors
    • 7. Storage batteries
65. Slide 65
    • 1903.306
    • Specific Purpose Equipment and Installations
66. Slide 66

    1910.306 Specific purpose equipment and installations

    • a. Electric signs and outline lighting
    • b. Cranes and hoists
    • d. Electric welders—disconnecting means
    • g. Induction and dielectric
67. Slide 67

    Hazardous (Classified) Locations

    • 1903.307
68. Slide 68

    1910.307 Hazardous (classified) locations

    • Classification based on flammable vapors, liquids, gases, combustible dusts or fibers
    • Each area considered individually
    • Classified by classes and divisions or zones
    • Documentation available for users, designers, installers, maintainers of electric equipment
69. Slide 69

    1910.307 Hazardous (classified) locations

    • Definitions of classes and divisions in 1910.399, Definitions
    • Class I: flammable gases/vapors; explosive or ignitable mixtures
    • Class II: combustible dust
    • Class III: easily ignitable fibers or flyings; not likely to be in suspension
    • Division 1 & 2 for each; Zones 0-2 for Class I
70. Slide 70

    1910.307(c) Electrical installations

    • Equipment must be one of these:
    • Intrinsically safe
    • Approved for hazardous (classified) location
    • Approved and marked for class and properties of material present
    • Safe for hazardous (classified) location
    • NFPA 70 referenced
71. Slide 71

    Conduits and equipment

    • d. Conduits: threaded, wrench-tight or bonding jumper
    • e. Equipment in Division 2 locations:
    • Division 1 approved equipment = OK General-purpose equipment OK if demonstrably not a source of ignition
72. Slide 72

    1910.307(f) Protection techniques

    • Explosionproof apparatus
    • Dust ignitionproof
    • Dust-tight
    • Purged and pressurized
    • Nonincendive circuit
    • Nonincendive equipment
    • Nonincendive component
    • Oil immersion
    • Hermetically sealed
    • Other protection techniques
73. Slide 73

    1910.307(g) Class I, Zone 0, 1, and 2 locations

    • Zone = alternative to divisions for Class 1
    • Classified by chemical properties and likelihood of combustible atmosphere
    • Proper installation of conduit & equipment to avoid sparks in flammable/combustible atmosphere
    • Protection techniques for certain zones
74. Slide 74

    1910.307(g) Class I, Zone 0, 1, and 2 locations

    • Special precaution: PE must classify areas and specify equipment
    • Listing and marking:
    • Listed for Zone 0 = OK for Zone 1-2
    • Listed for Zone 1 = OK for Zone 2
    • (For same gas or vapor)
    • Marking requirements & exemption
    • More information in NFPA 70
75. Slide 75

    1910.307(g) Class I, Zone 0

76. Slide 76
    • 1910.308
    • Special Systems
77. Slide 77

    1910.308 Special systems

    • a. Systems over 600 volts, nominal
    • b. Emergency power systems
    • c. Remote control, signaling, and power-limited circuits
    • d. Fire alarm systems
    • e. Communications systems
    • f. Solar photovoltaic systems
    • g. Integrated electrical systems
78. Slide 78
    • 1910.399
    • Definitions
79. Slide 79

    1904.399 Definitions

    • New version supersedes older version in CFR book
80. Slide 80

    References for Further Information

    • 1910 SUBPART S APPENDIX A
81. Slide 81

    1910 Subpart S Appendix A

    • Nonmandatory references aid in understanding
    • Not a substitute for compliance with CFR
    • Appendices B and C removed
82. Slide 82

    Safety-Related Work Practices

    • 1910.331-1910.335
83. Slide 83

    1910.331 Scope

    • Qualified persons (who have training in avoiding the electrical hazards)
    • Unqualified persons (with little or no such training)
    • Working on or near:
    • Premises wiring
    • Wiring for connection to supply
    • Other wiring
    • Vehicles excluded
84. Slide 84

    1910.332 Training

    • a. Scope: employees with electric shock risk not reduced to safe level by installation requirements
    • b. Training content:
    • Work practices for job assignments 1910.331-335 and others necessary Qualified vs. unqualified
    • c. Classroom or on-the-job; risk based
85. Slide 85

    Employees to be Trained

    • Electricians and welders
    • Any others if:
    • work they do or supervise
    • comes close enough to exposed parts of electric circuits ≥50V
    • for hazard to exist
86. Slide 86
    • 1910.333
    • Selection and Use of Work Practices
87. Slide 87

    1910.333 (a)(1) Deenergized parts

    • Live parts deenergized before employee works on or near them:
    • Unless infeasible or causes greater hazard
    • <50V not deenergized if no increased exposure to burns or arcs
    • Examples in CFR
    • If not deenergized, other work practices must protect employees
88. Slide 88

    1910.333(b) Working on or near exposed deenergized parts

    • If not locked out or tagged out, treated as energized
    • Lockout/tagout rules followed in order
    • 1910.147 provisions may also be OK
    • Written copy of procedures available
89. Slide 89

    1910.333(b) Working on or near exposed deenergized parts

    • Lockout/tagout steps in section (2):
    • ii. Deenergizing equipment
    • iii. Application of locks and tags
    • iv. Verification of deenergized condition
    • v. Reenergizing equipment after work
90. Slide 90

    1910.333(c) Working on or near exposed energized parts

    • Only qualified persons may work on energized electric circuit parts
    • For work near overhead lines:
    • Lines deenergized and grounded, or
    • Other protective measures provided
91. Slide 91

    Working near overhead power lines

    • Unqualified person near energized lines
    • Person and longest conductive object not closer than 10 ft, + 4 in/10kV above 50kV
    • For elevated or ground work
    • Qualified person:
    • Closer approach only with insulation
    • Table S-5: distance varies by voltage
    • Equipment: same distance as unqualified
92. Slide 92

    Working near overhead power lines

    • Equipment: same distance as unqualified, with exceptions:
    • In transit, structure lowered: 4 ft +4 in/10kV
    • Insulating barriers, not part of vehicle
    • Aerial lift, insulated, with qualified person
    • Ground employees may not contact equipment without protection or distance
    • Employees may not stand at grounding location when line contact possible
93. Slide 93

    1910.333(c) Working on or near exposed energized parts

    • 4. Illumination must allow safe work – may not reach blindly in
    • 5. Confined space work requires protective insulation & secured doors
    • 6. Conductive materials: prevent contact with energized parts
    • 7. Portable ladders: nonconductive siderails
94. Slide 94

    1910.333(c) Working on or near exposed energized parts

    • 8. Conductive apparel not worn, or insulated
    • 9. Housekeeping near live parts:
    • Requires safeguards
    • No conductive cleaning materials, including liquid solutions
    • 10. Interlocks may only be defeated temporarily by qualified person
95. Slide 95
    • 1910.334
    • Use of Equipment
96. Slide 96

    1910.334(a) Portable electric equipment

    • Handled in a manner to not cause damage
    • Cords not used to raise/lower equipment
    • Cords not stapled or hung in ways that damage insulation
97. Slide 97

    1910.334(a) Portable electric equipment

    • Visual inspection required before use:
    • Portable cord / plug connected equipment
    • Extension cords
    • For external defects and evidence of internal damage
    • If not exposed to damage, only when relocated
    • Defect or damage: remove, do not use until repaired and tested
    • Plug and receptacle checked for compatibility
98. Slide 98

    1910.334(a) Portable electric equipment

    • Grounding type equipment: ground must be maintained
    • Conductive work locations (e.g. wet) require approved equipment and cords
    • Connecting plugs:
    • Never plug or unplug live equipment with wet hands
    • Protect hands from conductive path (water)
    • Locking connectors: properly secured
99. Slide 99

    1910.334(b) Electric power and lighting circuits

    • Never reenergize a blown fuse
    • Never reenergize a circuit breaker until it is safe (Overload or fault?)
    • Never modify overcurrent protection beyond § 304 requirements
100. Slide 100

     1910.334(c) and (d)

     • c. Test instruments and equipment
     • Only qualified persons may test electric circuits or equipment
     • Test instruments must be visually inspected
     • Must be rated for circuits & environment
     • d. Occasional use of flammable and ignitable materials: Do not use equipment that could ignite them
101. Slide 101
     • 1910.335
     • Safeguards for Personnel Protection
102. Slide 102

     1910.335(a) Use of protective equipment

     • Personal protective equipment
     • Must be provided with & use equipment
     • Maintained, inspected, and tested
     • Insulating material protected
     • Nonconductive head protection
     • Eye or face protection for arcs, flashes, flying objects from explosions
     • Insulated tools or handling equipment
     • Shields, insulation for heating/arcing
103. Slide 103

     1910.335(b) Alerting techniques

     • Techniques to warn and protect employees:
     • Safety signs and tags
     • Barricades
     • Attendants
104. Slide 104

     Relevant Standards Outside 29 CFR 1910

     • 29 CFR 1926 Subpart K: construction
     • API RP 54
     • Section 9.14 Generators, Motors, and Lighting
     • Section 10: Drilling and Well Servicing Rig Electrical Systems
     • API RP 14F for offshore wiring
     • API RP 500 and 505: area classification
105. Slide 105

     Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist

     • Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses
     • Warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction boxes
     • GFCI that shuts off a circuit
     • Worn or frayed insulation around wire or connection
106. Slide 106

     Example of properly labeled electric service: motors, disconnects and breakers

     • FOR EXAMPLE…
     • Subtitles & Transitions
107. Slide 107

     Example of properly labeled electric service: motors, disconnects and breakers

     • FOR EXAMPLE…
     • Subtitles & Transitions
108. Slide 108

     Example of properly labeled electric service: motors, disconnects and breakers

     • FOR EXAMPLE…
     • Subtitles & Transitions
109. Slide 109

     Example of properly labeled electric service: motors, disconnects and breakers

     • FOR EXAMPLE…
     • Subtitles & Transitions
110. Slide 110

     Example of properly labeled electric service: motors, disconnects and breakers

     • FOR EXAMPLE…
     • Subtitles & Transitions
111. Slide 111

     Example of properly labeled electric service: motors, disconnects and breakers

     • FOR EXAMPLE…
     • Subtitles & Transitions
112. Slide 112

     OSHA Resources

     • Pub 3075 Controlling Electrical Hazards
     • Small Business Handbook section
     • Inspection Procedures
     • Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices -- Inspection Procedures and Interpretation G uidelines
113. Slide 113

     Interpretations

     • Training requirements for employees w ho perform non-electrical work on electri cal equipment
     • Qualifications for resetting circuits or re placing fuses; electrical enclosures mus t be approved
     • Use of compressed air above 30 p.s.i. f or cleaning purposes; nonmetallic-sheat hed cable for temporary wiring