Confined Spaces

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1. Slide 1

   CONFINED SPACES

   • Hazard Identification & Control
   • Build a Better Safety Training
   • Susan Harwood Grant
2. Slide 2

   Disclaimer

   • This material was produced under grant number SH-29624-SH6 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. The U.S. Government does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any Information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed.
3. Slide 3

   OBJECTIVES

   • Confined Spaces
   • 1. Define confined space
   • 2. Recognize confined space hazards
   • 3. Learn confined space hazard controls
   • 4. Review requirements on training and rescue
4. Slide 4

   Emergency!

   • Order the cards according to the steps necessary for responding to a confined space emergency (what would should you do first, second, third, etc.).
   • 2 minutes
5. Slide 5

   Emergency Response Steps (not in correct order)

6. Slide 6

   Emergency Response Steps (correct order)

7. Slide 7

   What type of confined space?

   • Supervisor, helper, entrant
   • Does is have one or more of the characteristics of a permit-required confined space?
   • Complete required permits, ensure a communication system, and use the proper PPE and rescue equipment.
   • KNOW!
   • KNOW, IMPLEMENT, COMPLY
   • IMPLEMENT!
   • COMPLY!
   • What controls should be used?
   • Take measurements of the air, and consider ventilation, locking out and tagging.
8. Slide 8
   • From 2005-2009, there were a total of 481 deaths, which averages to 96.2 deaths per year.
9. Slide 9
   • According to a federal study on confined spaces, more than 60% of confined space related fatalities were from those who died trying to rescue a coworker.
10. Slide 10

    1 DEATH EVERY 4 DAYS

11. Slide 11

    CONFINED SPACE

    • Accident Summary
    • OSHA received notification of a fatality on a construction site on August 5, 2004, one day after the accident.
    • It was reported that a worker was found at the bottom of a utility hole.
    • A new sewage system was being installed by a small construction company with 20 employees.
12. Slide 12

    Case Study

    • The OSHA inspection began after receiving notification of the worksite fatality on August 5, 2004.
13. Slide 13

    Case Study1

    • There were 6 workers on site. 5 were installing pipes on the hill. The victim was inside the utility hole.
14. Slide 14

    The Confined Space

    • 2 feet at the opening
    • 4 feet internal diameter
    • Hole constructed from 4’ X 4’ concrete sections
    • 17 feet exterior depth, 16 1/2 feet interior
15. Slide 15

    Case Study2

    • The victim as assigned the task of applying mortar inside the hole.
16. Slide 16
    • This photo shows the connection that is inserted and located at the entrance to the bottom of the hole and completes the sealed space.
    • Case Study3
17. Slide 17

    Case Study4

    • During the inspection it was reported that the employer did not have a confined space entry program or equipment available.
18. Slide 18

    Case Study5

    • Four samples were taken from the bottom of the utilitiy hole. The results showed between 12.5 to 14.1% oxygen.
19. Slide 19

    Displacement of Oxygen

    • What happens in newly constructed utilitiy holes is the displacement of oxygen by other substances including carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless, heavier gas than air.
20. Slide 20

    Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres

21. Slide 21
    • Part 1.
    • CONFINED SPACES
22. Slide 22

    CONFINED SPACE

    • It is large enough for an employee’s entire body to enter and to do a job; Has a limited or restricted entry or exit; It is not designed to be occupied continuously by the employee
23. Slide 23
    • STORAGE TANKS
24. Slide 24
    • WELLS
25. Slide 25
    • SILOS
26. Slide 26
    • DEGREASERS
27. Slide 27
    • REACTION CONTAINERS
28. Slide 28
    • BOILERS
29. Slide 29
    • VENTILATION CONDUCT
30. Slide 30
    • SEWERS
31. Slide 31
    • TUNNELS
32. Slide 32
    • VAULTS
33. Slide 33
    • PIPELINES
34. Slide 34

    What is a confined space?

    • Non-permit required
    • Permit-required
    • How to determine when a permit is required
35. Slide 35

    CONFINED SPACE

    • Non-permit required
    • It is large enough for an employee to enter the entire body and do a job
    • Has a limited or restricted entry or exit
    • It is not designed to be occupied continuously by the employee
36. Slide 36

    CONFINED SPACE

    • Permit-Required
    • Potential to contain a dangerous atmosphere.
    • Potential to consume an entree;
    • Internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or suffocated by
    • Contains any other serious risk recognized against health or safety
37. Slide 38
    • NON-PERMIT REQUIRED?
38. Slide 39
    • PERMIT REQUIRED?
39. Slide 40
    • Part 2.
    • HAZARDS & RISKS
40. Slide 41

    QUESTION

    • ¿Why are confined spaces dangerous?
41. Slide 42

    Oxygen Levels

42. Slide 43

    Hazards and Risks

    • OXYGEN LEVELS
43. Slide 44
    • TOXIC GASES
44. Slide 45

    Toxic Gases

    • Products stored in confined spaces
    • Gases that are generated when cleaned.
    • Materials that are absorbed by the walls of the confined space.
    • Decomposition of materials in the confined space.
    • Jobs like welding, cutting, painting, scraping, removing
    • grease, sealing, bondear, melting 45
45. Slide 46
    • PHYSICAL HAZARDS
46. Slide 47

    Physical Hazards

    • Limit Openings to Enter / Exit
    • Openings as small as 18 inches.
    • Difficult to enter with SCBA or other rescue equipment
    • Difficult to get a fainted employee into bent position
    • Difficult to get out of large openings due to the presence of stairs, or any other equipment
    • removing people or equipment 47
47. Slide 48
    • LOW VENTILATION
48. Slide 49

    Low Ventilation

    • Unfavorable Natural Ventilation
    • Poor air movement in and out of space can create an atmosphere different from the one outside
    • Dangerous gases can be trapped inside
    • Organic materials can be broken down
    • There may not be enough oxygen due to the presence of other gases or chemical reactions
49. Slide 50
    • LIMITED ENTRY/EXIT
50. Slide 51

    Limited Entry / Exit

    • They are not designed to enter and work continuously
    • Designed to store a product
    • Enclose materials or processes
    • Transporting products or substances
51. Slide 52
    • EXTREME TEMPERATURES
52. Slide 53

    Extreme Temperatures

    • Extreme heat or cold
    • Humidity
    • Extremely cold liquids
    • Work processes inside the space can increase the temperatures in excess
53. Slide 54
    • FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE
54. Slide 55

    Extreme Temperatures

    • Oxygen content in the air
    • Presence of flammable gases or vapors
    • Presence of fuel (visibility 5’ or less)
    • Typical sources of ignition:
    • Electric tools, sparks, welding / cutting operations, smoke
55. Slide 56
    • Part 3.
    • HAZARD CONTROLS
56. Slide 57

    How can I work more safely?

    • Take sample measurements
    • Ventilate area
    • Isolate and lock out
    • Personal protection equipment
57. Slide 58
    • TAKE SAMPLE MEASUREMENTS
58. Slide 59

    OXYGEN, COMBUSTIBLES, TOXIC GASES

59. Slide 60

    AIR QUALITY

60. Slide 61

    Gas Types

    • GAS TYPES
61. Slide 62
    • VENTILATION
62. Slide 63

    Ventilation

    • Be aware of the dangers that you want to correct in the confined space.
    • Make sure the air you are entering is fresh air.
    • Maintain continuous ventilation when possible.
    • Take samples of the space before entering, when you have left and re-enter.
63. Slide 64
    • LOCK/OUT & TAG/OUT
64. Slide 65

    LOCK/OUT & TAG/OUT

    • Put padlock and card in electrical power sources (Lock / out, tag / out)
    • Secure the mechanical parts
    • Lock / out, tag / out and close valves
    • Bleed the pneumatic and hydraulic lines
    • Lock/out sewers and water flow 65
65. Slide 66

    LOCK OUT / TAG OUT

66. Slide 67
    • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
67. Slide 68

    PPE

    • Safety glasses and helmet, protective gloves
    • Respirators, safety shoes, protective clothing
    • Full Body Harness
    • Rescue equipment
68. Slide 69

    PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

69. Slide 70

    What about alerts and permits?

    • Types of alerts
    • Permissions (tags)
    • Permits (sheets)
70. Slide 71

    ENTRY PERMITS

71. Slide 72

    ENTRY PERMITS

72. Slide 73

    Entry Permit Requirements

    • 1. Date, location, and name of the confined space.
    • 2. Purpose of entry and known hazards.
    • 3. Duration of the entry permit
    • 4. Authorized entrants, helpers and supervisors
    • 5. Results of air samples - signature of the person taking the samples.
    • 6. Protective measures to be taken:
    • Ventilation, Isolate, Flushing,
    • Lockout / Tagout
73. Slide 74

    ENTRY PERMITS

74. Slide 75

    ENTRY PERMITS

75. Slide 76

    ENTRY PERMITS

76. Slide 77
    • TRAINING
77. Slide 78

    Training

    • For all employees who have to enter confined spaces.
    • All attendants and members of the rescue team
    • Before beginning work assignment
    • Be sure to include demo
78. Slide 79

    Re-Training

    • If the job responsibilities change.
    • Change in the program of spaces that require permission.
    • If a new danger is present.
    • If the execution of the work indicates deficiencies.
79. Slide 80

    Is it necessary to have more than one person?

    • Supervisor
    • Helper
    • Entrant
80. Slide 81
    • SUPERVISOR
81. Slide 82

    Supervisor

    • Verify entry conditions are secure
    • It is ensured that before entering the permit is complete
    • If the working conditions become unsafe cancel the permit and order the departure of all workers in the space.
    • When the job is finished, it cancels the permission and the operation is completed. Deliver the work.
82. Slide 83
    • HELPERS
83. Slide 84

    Helpers

    • Keeps in touch with the entrant at all times
    • It ensures that only authorized persons enter the space
    • Note a condition that is not permitted by the work permit
84. Slide 85
    • ENTRANTS
85. Slide 86
    • Make sure you know the hazards
    • Entrants
    • of the area and the exposure signs.
    • He stays in communication with the assistant and the Entry
    • Supervisor.
    • He must have training and be authorized to enter the space.
86. Slide 87

    CONFINED SPACES

    • Hazard Identification & Control
    • Build a Better Safety Training
    • Susan Harwood Grant