Confined Space Entry Training

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1. Slide 1

   Confined Space Entry

2. Slide 2

   OSHA Susan Harwood Grant

   • This material was produced under Grant Program #SH-05058- SH8 from the OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor. It Does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mentioning of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Revised from grant number SH-22297-11.
3. Slide 3

   Classroom Participation

   • The instructor encourages open dialog
   • Participants can ask questions anytime during the training presentation
   • Media materials will be presented to the class to discuss, assess and identify the possible hazards to excavation and trenching activities.
4. Slide 4

   Breaks!

   • There will be 10-15 minutes breaks as needed throughout the training period
5. Slide 5

   Questions and Feed Back

   • At the end of the training session, participants will be ask to fill out a brief questionnaire and provide feedback on the training materials
6. Slide 6

   Objectives

   • OSHA and AKOSH Industry Standards
   • Recognize the characteristics of the confined space
   • Anticipate and be aware of the hazards that may be faced during entry
   • Classroom activities recognizing hazards and implementing controls
7. Slide 7

   Additional Training Objectives

   • Recognize the adverse health effects that may be caused by the exposure to a hazard
   • Understand the physical signs and reactions related to exposures to such hazards
   • Know what personal protective equipment is needed for safe entry into and exit from the space
   • Non-permit CSE requirements
   • Permit CSE requirements
   • CSE alternate entry procedures
   • Use of atmospheric monitoring equipment
   • Use and maintain rescue equipment
   • Document training
8. Slide 8

   Introduction to Industry Standards

   • 29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces
   • 29 CFR 1926 Subpart AA (Confined Space in Construction)
   • 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M (Fall Prevention)
   • 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P (Excavation and Trenching)
   • 29 CFR 1910.132 (PPE Requirements)
   • NFPA 70E (Electrical Safety Standards)
   • AKOSH Industry Standards
9. Slide 9

   Key Elements of a Confined Space Entry Program

   • Confined space and Hazard Identification
   • Hazard Control
   • Permit System
   • Specialized Equipment
   • Designations-Employees
   • Testing and Monitoring
   • Emergency Response
   • Training and Information
   • Program Review
10. Slide 10

    OSHA Confined Space Characteristics

    • A confined space also has limited or restricted means for entry or exit.
    • Not designed for continuous occupancy.
    • Confined spaces include, but are not limited to, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, pits, manholes, tunnels, equipment housings, ductwork, pipelines, etc.
    • Little or no natural ventilation.
11. Slide 11

    OSHA Permit Required Confined Space Characteristics

    • Any substance that has the ability to engulf or asphyxiate the entrant
    • Contains potentially hazardous atmospheres
    • Inwardly converging walls within the space or a floor the slopes downward, tapering to a small cross-section
    • Contains any other serious safety or health hazard
12. Slide 12

    Recognized Confined Space Water

    • Storage Tank
13. Slide 13

    Recognized Confined Space-Selawik

    • Water Treatment Plant
14. Slide 14

    Recognize Confined Space-Fuel

    • Storage Tanks
15. Slide 15

    Recognize Confined Space-Labeled Do

    • Not Enter
16. Slide 16

    Recognizing Confined Space-Man Hole

    • Sewer Cover
17. Slide 17

    Confined Space Physical Hazards

    • Engulfment-flooding,
    • Entrapment-converging walls
    • Collapse-trenches
    • Slip/Trip/Falls-impalement
    • Electrical, Mechanical
    • Critters
    • Ladders
    • Lighting
    • Temperature
    • Equipment-struck against, crushing
18. Slide 18

    Hazard Control = Hierarchy of Controls

    • Most Effective
    • Least Effective
19. Slide 19

    Classroom Activity

    • Water Storage Tank, Sewage Lift Station, and Trench
20. Slide 20

    Group 1 Presentation

    • Image 1
21. Slide 21

    Group 1 Presentation

    • Image 2
22. Slide 22

    Group 1 Presentation

    • Image 3
23. Slide 23

    Group 1 Presentation

    • Images 4,5,6
24. Slide 24

    Group 2 Presentation

    • Image 1
25. Slide 25

    Group 2 Presentation

    • Image 2
26. Slide 26

    Group 2 Presentation

    • Image 3
27. Slide 27

    Group 2 Presentation

    • Image 4
28. Slide 28

    Group 3 Presentation

    • Image 1
29. Slide 29

    Group 3

    • Image 2
30. Slide 30

    Definitions-Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)

    • Condition that poses immediate or delayed threat to life
    • Or causes irreversible adverse health effects
    • Or interferes with individual’s ability to escape unaided from permit space
31. Slide 31

    The Obvious Hazards

32. Slide 32

    Confined Space Atmospheric Hazards

    • Atmospheric
    • Oxygen Deficiency or Enrichment
    • Explosion/Fire
    • Toxic substances, Biological agents
33. Slide 33

    Oxygen Deficiency

    • Greatest Potential Hazard
    • Senses unreliable
    • Affects judgment
    • Swift, often irreversible
    • Often fatal
    • Air contains ~20.9% O 2
34. Slide 34

    Effects of Oxygen Deficiency

    • 16%
    • Impaired judgment
    • 14%
    • Fatigue, disorientation
    • 10%
    • Unconsciousness
    • 6-8% Death
    • 4 Minutes: Recovery with immediate treatment
    • 50% fatal
    • 6 Minutes:
    • 100% fatal
    • 8 Minutes:
35. Slide 35

    Causes of Oxygen Deficiency

    • Displacement by another gas or vapor
    • Chemical reaction
    • Oxidation/Rust
    • Combustion
    • In appropriate use of other gases or chemicals
36. Slide 36

    Oxygen Rich Environment

    • Normally safe materials can become dangerous fire hazards
37. Slide 37

    Causes of Oxygen Rich Environment

    • Leaks (e.g. welding cylinders)
    • Inappropriate use of Oxygen
38. Slide 38

    Classroom Activity Group Presentation

39. Slide 39

    Fire and Explosion Hazards

    • Fire tetrahedron (O 2 , fuel, heat, Chemical Reaction)
    • Flammable or combustible vapors burn within specific ranges
    • Flammable range is defined by:
    • Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
    • Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
    • Acceptable limit is 10% of the LEL
40. Slide 40

    Explosive Limits

    • Benzene
    • 1.3
    • LEL
    • LEL=Lower Explosive Limit
    • 7.9
    • UEL
    • UEL=Upper Explosive Limit
41. Slide 41

    Explosive Limits for Safe Entry

    • 1.3
    • 7.9
    • 10% of the LEL
    • LEL
    • LEL=Lower Explosive Limit
    • UEL
    • UEL=Upper Explosive Limit
42. Slide 42

    Explosive Substances

    • Fuel vapors
    • Paint/coatings
    • Cleaning solvents
    • Hydrogen sulfide
    • Dusts
    • Fertilizer
43. Slide 43

    Vapor Density

44. Slide 44

    Testing and Monitoring

    • Ensure instruments are calibrated with calibration gas every 180 days when not in use.
    • Calibrate daily if the instrument is used frequently
    • Bump test the instrument before atmospheric testing begins
45. Slide 45

    Testing and Monitoring cont.

    • Atmospheric testing begins by testing all the required locations.
    • Oxygen content of at least 19.5% but not greater than 23.5%
    • A combustible gas/vapor mixture 10% of the lower explosive limit.
    • A concentration of any hazardous chemical is less than ½ the limits listed in 29 CFR 1910.
46. Slide 46

    Confined Space Entry Permit

47. Slide 47

    Classroom Activity 5

    • Gas Monitors
48. Slide 48

    Non-Permit Confined Space Requirements

    • Permit required confined space may be reclassified as non-permit confined space if certain criteria is met. If the criteria is met, rescue teams and special PPE are not required.
    • Confined space must not contain a hazardous atmosphere.
    • All hazards can be eliminated without entry into the space, such as locking out and tagging equipment.
    • Forced air ventilation does not constitute elimination of hazards.
    • If the employer can neither declassify a permit required confined space to a non-permit confined space, or provide alternate entry procedures, all aspects of a permit confined space must be followed.
49. Slide 49

    Permit Confined Space Requirements

    • Requires a written program
    • Implement measures to prevent unauthorized entry into the permit required confined space
    • Workers must be trained in CSE
    • Identify all the hazards prior to entry into CS
    • Document all the required information on the confined space permit form
    • Develop and implement safety procedures which includes before entry into CS
    • Rescue plan in place
50. Slide 50

    Permit Confined Space Requirements Continued

    • Oxygen content between 19.5% and 23.5%
    • Explosive hazards are 10% of the lower explosive limit (LEL)
    • Energy isolation in place such as lock-out tag-out (LOTO)
    • Control or elimination of atmospheric hazards through purging, inerting, flushing or ventilating.
    • Protection of pedestrians from traffic hazards using barriers
    • Verify that conditions in the permit confined space remain at safe levels throughout entry.
51. Slide 51

    Equipment for Permit Required Confined Space

    • Gas detection equipment to monitor atmosphere
    • Lighting to avoid struck against and slips trips and falls
    • Barriers to prevent unauthorized personnel out
    • Ladders that provide safe egress
    • Rescue and emergency equipment
    • Communication equipment between entrant and
52. Slide 52

    Confined Space Alternate Entry Procedures

    • No written program required
    • Only hazards are atmospheric
    • Atmospheric hazards can be controlled through forced air ventilation
    • Atmosphere is tested periodically
    • It may be necessary to conduct a permit required confined space to test atmosphere if it cannot be tested from the outside. If it is determined that there is only an atmospheric hazard and can be controlled through force air ventilation-
53. Slide 53

    Duties of the Entry Supervisor

    • Knowledge of hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of exposure.
    • Verifies, by checking that appropriate entries have been made on permit, that all tests specified by permit have been conducted, and all procedures and equipment specified by permit are in place before endorsing permit and allowing entry to begin.
    • Terminates entry and cancels permit
54. Slide 54

    Duties of the Entry Supervisor Continued

    • Verifies that rescue services are available and means for summoning are operable.
    • Removes unauthorized individuals who enter or attempt to enter permit space during entry operations.
    • Determines, whenever responsibility for permit space entry operation is transferred, and at intervals dictated by hazards and operations performed within space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of entry permit and acceptable entry conditions are maintained.
55. Slide 55

    Duties of the Attendants

    • Knowledge of hazards that may be faced during entry
    • Aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants
    • Continuously maintains accurate count of authorized entrants
    • Remains outside permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant
56. Slide 56

    Duties of the Attendant Continued

    • Communicates with authorized entrants
    • Monitors activities inside & outside space
    • Summons rescue & other emergency services
    • Performs non-entry rescues as specified by employer's rescue procedure
    • Performs no other duties that might interfere with primary duty to monitor & protect authorized entrants (Note: AKOSH standards)
57. Slide 57

    Duties of the Authorized Entrant

    • Employee authorized by employer to enter permit space:
    • Knowledge of hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of exposure.
    • Properly use equipment
    • Communicate with attendant as necessary to enable attendant to monitor entrant status and alert entrants of need to evacuate space.
58. Slide 58

    Duties of the Authorized Entrant Continued

    • Alert attendant whenever:
    • Entrant recognizes any warning signs or symptoms of exposure to dangerous situation
    • Entrant detects prohibited condition
    • Exit from permit space as quickly as possible whenever:
59. Slide 59

    Duties of Authorized Entrants Know When to Exit

    • Order to evacuate is given by the attendant or entry supervisor
    • Recognizes the risks and hazard warning signs or symptoms of exposures to a dangerous situation
    • Detects prohibited condition
    • Evacuation Alarm is activated
60. Slide 60

    Rescue Operations

    • Requires sufficient number of people to effectively rescue the entrant
    • Only trained personnel with safety equipment
    • If person is unconscious in a confined space, DO NOT enter space to help without appropriate training, personal protective equipment and safety equipment.
61. Slide 61

    Program Review

    • Shall be reviewed at least annually by the confined space manager
    • And immediately following any incident or near incident
62. Slide 62

    Virtual Reality Exercise

    • Open with Google Chrome
63. Slide 63

    Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

    • Use appropriate PPE for entry
    • Hard hat
    • Impermeable clothing
    • Safety toe shoes
    • Eye protection
    • Hearing protection
    • Hand/skin protection
    • Respiratory protection
64. Slide 64

    Specialized Equipment Inventory

    • Tripod system with fall protection/retrieval system.
    • Fall arrest harness
    • Ventilation equipment.
    • Multi-gas detection monitor
    • Barriers
65. Slide 65

    Classroom Activity 6

    • Tripod, Ventilation and Fall Harness
66. Slide 66

    This Concludes our Training