Confined Space

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1. Slide 1

   Confined

   • Spaces
2. Slide 2

   Disclaimer

   • This material was produced under grant number SH-29660-SH6 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
3. Slide 3

   What kind of Confined Spaces Do You

   • Have At Your Facility?
4. Slide 4

   Standard

   • Permit-Required Confined Spaces
   • 29 CFR 1910.146
5. Slide 5

   Confined Space

   • Confined space is space that:
   • Is large enough & so configured that employee can bodily enter & perform assigned work
   • Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (i.e. tanks, vessels, silos, pits, vaults or hoppers)
   • Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy
6. Slide 6

   Permit-Required Confined Space

   • Permit-Required Confined Space is confined space that has one or more of following characteristics:
   • Contains or has potential to contain hazardous atmosphere
   • Contains material that has potential for engulfing entrant
7. Slide 7

   Permit-Required Confined Space

   • Has internal configuration such that entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by floor which slopes downward & tapers to smaller cross-section
   • Contains any other serious safety or health hazard
8. Slide 8

   Examples

9. Slide 9

   29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-Required Confined Spaces

   • Scope & application
   • Definitions
   • General requirements (to include dev. of written plan)
   • Permit system
   • Entry permit
   • Training
   • Duties of authorized entrants
   • Duties of attendants
   • Duties of entry supervisors
   • Rescue & emergency services
   • Employee participation
10. Slide 10

    Appendices

    • Appendix A - Permit-Required Confined Space Decision Flow Chart
    • Appendix B - Procedures for Atmospheric Testing
    • Appendix C - Examples of Permit-Required Confined Space Programs
    • Appendix D - Confined Space Pre-Entry Check List
    • Appendix E - Sewer System Entry
    • Appendix F - Rescue Team or Rescue Service Evaluation Criteria
11. Slide 11

    Confined Space Crew

12. Slide 12

    Definitions

    • Attendant
    • Individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors authorized entrants & performs all attendant’s duties assigned in employer’s permit space program
13. Slide 13

    Duties of Attendants

    • Knows hazards that may be faced during entry
    • Aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants
    • Continuously maintains accurate count of authorized entrants
    • Remains outside permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant
14. Slide 14

    Duties of Attendants

    • Communicates with authorized entrants
    • Monitors activities inside & outside space
    • Summons rescue & other emergency services
    • Performs non-entry rescues as specified by employer's rescue procedure
    • Performs no duties that might interfere with primary duty to monitor & protect authorized entrants
15. Slide 15

    Confined Space Attendant

16. Slide 16

    Definitions

    • Authorized entrant
    • Employee authorized by employer to enter permit space
17. Slide 17

    Duties of Authorized Entrants

    • Know hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on mode, signs or symptoms & consequences of exposure
    • Properly use equipment as required by paragraph (d)(4)
    • Communicate with attendant as necessary to enable attendant to monitor entrant status & enable attendant to alert entrants of need to evacuate space as required by paragraph (i)(6)
18. Slide 18

    Duties of Authorized Entrants

    • Alert attendant whenever:
    • Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to dangerous situation
    • Entrant detects prohibited condition
    • Exit from permit space as quickly as possible whenever:
19. Slide 19

    Duties of Authorized Entrants

    • Exit from permit space…
    • Order to evacuate is given by attendant or entry supervisor
    • Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation
    • Entrant detects prohibited condition
    • Evacuation alarm activated
20. Slide 20

    Confined Space Entrant

21. Slide 21

    Definitions

    • Engulfment
    • Surrounding & effective capture of person by liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging respiratory system
    • Can exert enough force on body to cause death by strangulation, constriction or crushing
22. Slide 22

    Definitions

    • Entry
    • Action by which person passes through opening into permit-required confined space
    • Entry includes ensuing work activities in space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of entrant’s body breaks plane of opening into space
23. Slide 23

    Confined Space Entrant

24. Slide 24

    Confined Space Entrant

25. Slide 25

    Definitions

    • Entry Supervisor
    • Person (such as employer, foreman or crew chief) responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry & overseeing entry operations & for terminating entry
    • Note: entry supervisor may serve as attendant or authorized entrant, as long as that person is trained & equipped as required for each role filled
    • Duties of entry supervisor may be passed from one individual to another during entry operations
26. Slide 26

    Duties of Entry Supervisor

    • Knows hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on mode, signs or symptoms & consequences of exposure
    • Verifies, by checking that appropriate entries have been made on permit, all tests specified by permit have been conducted & all procedures & equipment specified by permit are in place before endorsing permit & allowing entry to begin
    • Terminates entry & cancels permit as required by paragraph (e)(5)
27. Slide 27

    Duties of Entry Supervisor

    • Verifies that rescue services are available & means for summoning are operable
    • Removes unauthorized individuals who enter or attempt to enter permit space during entry operations
    • Determines, whenever responsibility for permit space entry operation is transferred & at intervals dictated by hazards & operations performed within space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of entry permit & acceptable entry conditions are maintained
28. Slide 28

    Definitions

    • Hazardous atmosphere
    • Atmosphere that may expose employees to risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue (i.e. unaided escape from permit space), injury or acute illness from one or more following causes:
    • Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of Lower Flammable Limit (LFL)
29. Slide 29

    Definitions

    • Hazardous atmosphere
    • Airborne combustible dust at concentration that meets or exceeds LFL
    • Note: concentration may be approximated as condition in which dust obscures vision at distance of 5 ft or less
    • Atmospheric oxygen concentration <19.5% or >23.5%
30. Slide 30

    Definitions

    • Hazardous atmosphere
    • Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which dose or PEL could result in employee exposure in excess of dose or PEL
    • Note: atmospheric concentration of any substance not capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury or acute illness due to health effects is not covered
31. Slide 31

    Definitions

    • Hazardous atmosphere
    • Any other atmospheric condition that is IDLH
    • Note: for air contaminants which OSHA has no dose or PEL, other sources of information, such as MSDSs that comply with 29 CFR 1910.1200, published information & internal documents can provide guidance in establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions
32. Slide 32

    Definitions

    • Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
    • Condition that poses immediate or delayed threat to life or cause irreversible adverse health effects or interfere with individual’s ability to escape unaided from permit space
33. Slide 33

    Definitions

    • Isolation
    • Process by which permit space is removed from service & completely protected against release of energy & material into space by such means as: blanking or blinding; misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes or ducts; double block & bleed system; lockout or tagout of all sources of energy; or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages
34. Slide 34

    Valve Lockout Clamshell

35. Slide 35

    Definitions

    • Line breaking
    • Intentional opening of pipe, line or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive or toxic material, inert gas or any fluid at volume, pressure or temperature capable of causing injury
36. Slide 36

    Definitions

    • Rescue service
    • Personnel designated to rescue employees from permit spaces
    • Note: rescue personnel may be industry emergency personnel, outside rescue service or combination of teams
37. Slide 37

    Rescue & Emergency Services

    • Rescue and emergency services
    • Employer who designates rescue & emergency services, pursuant to paragraph (d)(9) shall:
    • Evaluate prospective rescuer's ability to respond to rescue summons in timely manner, considering hazard(s) identified
38. Slide 38

    Confined space rescue

39. Slide 39

    Definitions

    • Retrieval system
    • Equipment (including retrieval line, chest or full-body harness, wristlets, if appropriate, & lifting device or anchor) used for non-entry rescue of persons from permit spaces
40. Slide 40

    Confined Space Retrieval System

41. Slide 41

    Definitions

    • Testing
    • Process by which hazards that may confront entrants are identified & evaluated
    • Testing includes specifying tests to be performed in permit space
    • Note: testing enables employers to devise & implement adequate control measures for protection of authorized entrants & determine if acceptable entry conditions are present immediately prior to & during entry
42. Slide 42

    Testing Protocol

    • Before employee enters space, internal atmosphere shall be tested, with calibrated direct-reading instrument, for following conditions in order given
    • Oxygen content
    • Flammable gases & vapors
    • Potential toxic air contaminants
43. Slide 43

    Monitoring Confined Space

44. Slide 44

    Other Hazards

    • Unstable or dangerous work surfaces
    • Falling objects
    • Insects or animals
    • Biological
45. Slide 45

    Mechanical Hazards Agitator Blades

46. Slide 46

    Mechanical Hazards Agitator B lades

47. Slide 47

    Mechanical Hazards Agitator Blades

48. Slide 48

    Snakes in Confined Space

49. Slide 49

    PRCS Signage

50. Slide 50

    Confined Space Sign

51. Slide 51

    Confined Space Sign

52. Slide 52

    Manhole Cover With No Sign

53. Slide 53

    Pit Entry With No Sign

54. Slide 54

    Confined Space Entry Supervisor

55. Slide 55

    PRCS Written Plan Outline

    • Introduction - company policy
    • Definitions
    • Equipment for entry & rescue
    • Evaluation of confined spaces
    • Identification of confined
    • Permits spaces
    • Notification and warning
    • Authorized entrants
    • Hazard identification
    • Authorized attendants
56. Slide 56

    PRCS Written Plan Outline

    • Entry supervisors
    • Entry procedures
    • Communications procedures
    • Rescue procedures
    • Closure procedures
    • Coordination of work with contractors
    • Program review and update (required annually)
    • Training requirements and documentation
57. Slide 57

    Entry Permits

    • Permit space to be entered
    • Purpose of entry
    • Acceptable entry conditions
    • Date & authorized duration of permit
    • Results of initial & periodic atmospheric monitoring
    • Authorized entrants
    • Rescue & emergency services
    • Authorized attendants
    • Communications procedures
    • Name & signature of entry supervisor
    • Equipment required for entry & rescue operations
    • Hazards of permit space to be entered
    • Other necessary information & other required permits
    • Isolation of hazard control measures