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Confined Space Training
Confined space awareness deck from the Sustainable Workplace Alliance: permit spaces, atmospheric hazards, roles and rescue.
Slide text
· 47 slides · by The Sustainable Workplace Alliance
The words on each slide as the author wrote them, read from the file by software so they can be searched. Layout, pictures and tables are not shown here: the slides above and the download are the original.
- Slide 1
Confined Space Training
- Slide 2
Confined Space Training Disclaimer
- This material was produced under grant number SH-05073-SH8 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.
- It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
- Slide 3
Welcome
- Confined Space
- Training
- What is a Confined Space
- When does it become
- Permit Required?
- What are the Hazards
- Training
- Slide 4
Module- 1
- Confined Space
- Training
- What is a Confined Space
- When does it become
- Permit Required?
- What are the Hazards
- Training
- Slide 5
What is a Confined Space
- According to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146b
- A Confined Space is defined as:
- Large enough and so configured that a worker can bodily enter it, and
- Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, and
- Is not designated for continuous worker occupancy.
- https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.146
- Slide 6
What is a Confined Space – Part 2
- According to OSHA
- 29 CFR 1910.146b
- A confined space
- is defined
- as:
- e that a worker can bodily
- 1. Large enough and so
- configured
- If yo
- enter it, and
- fi
- co
- of entry or exit, and
- 2. Has limited or restricted
- means
- the confi
- Is not designated for continuous worker occupancy.
- https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.146
- Slide 7
Module -1
- Confined Space
- Training
- What is a Confined Space
- When does it become
- Permit Required?
- What are the Hazards
- Training
- Slide 8
When does it become Permit Required?
- Permit Required Confined Space has one or more of the following characteristics:
- 1 . Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous
- atmosphere;
- 2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;
- 3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by sloped/tapered floors.
- Slide 9
When does it become Permit
- Required? – Part 2
- Example of a permit-required confined space.
- Slide 10
When does it become Permit Required? Part 3
- Permit-required
- P ER
- SO N
- MIT
- AL
- ENTRY SUPERVISOR: COMPLETE AND I NITIAL FORM (P LEASE PRINT ) EYE PR
- confined space entry
- PR O
- TE C
- OTE
- TIV E
- HEA
- RING CTION
- EQU
- PRO
- PRO
- I PM E
- TECT
- TECT
- IO
- IV
- Safe
- BOO
- E CL
- ty Gla T (Che
- TS
- OTH
- ck m
- sses
- IN
- GLO
- anda
- VES
- Location of Space:
- (spec
- Face
- HAR
- ify)
- Shield ory ite
- (be specific)
- AT
- ms )
- Rubb
- RES
- er
- PIRA
- Othe
- TOR
- Rubb
- Slip P
- r: (s
- Work to be Accomplished:
- er
- pecif
- reven
- FALL
- y)
- tion
- L e a th
- RETR PROTEC
- er
- Authorized Entrant(s):
- Stee
- ir Pu
- (Non IEVAL E ION/
- ri
- to
- fying
- es
- QUIP
- -e
- tr
- ott on
- Authorized Attendant(s):
- y res
- Othe
- Safe
- OT H
- cue) MENT
- Supp
- ty Ha
- r:
- ER: (s
- lied a rne
- Othe (specify)
- Mech
- pecif
- ir
- Entry Date(s) & Time(s):
- ADD
- r: (s
- y)
- anica ss & Life
- pecif
- Othe
- lines
- ITION
- l: (sp
- Othe
- y)
- r:
- (spec
- r: (sp
- cify)
- AL IN of space)
- (Permit is limited to one project at location
- ecify
- ify)
- Anch
- STR
- r poin
- U CT
- PERMIT SPACE HAZARDS (See Space ID List)
- CONTROLS (Check all that apply)
- ts
- : (sp
- IONS
- ecify
- Entry Supervisor:
- Department(s) Involved:
- Permit is required whenever there is a hazard
- Or potential hazard
- ATMOSPHERIC
- Oxygen Deficiency
- Oxygen Enrichment
- Explosive (Gas/Vapor)
- Carbon Monoxide
- Hydrogen Sulfide
- Other Toxic gases/vapors
- ATMOSPHERIC TESTING (Required)
- Continuous
- Periodic (Give interval)
- ENGULFMENT
- ISOLATION
- O 2
- Lockout/Tagout
- (ox (Specify)
- (Prim
- VENTILATION
- ary)
- ATTE
- forced
- air
- DAN
- AT Continuous
- MOS Exhaust
- T (P
- Local
- rint &
- P HE
- Initia
- RI C
- l)
- Natural
- E S TS
- CONFIGURATION (ENTRAPMENT)
- MECHANICAL
- ELECTRICAL
- SUBSTANCE HAZARDOUS TO SKIN OR EYES
- Time
- HEAT STRESS
- OTHER POTENTIAL HAZARDS
- (e.g. radiation, noise, etc)
- (Che
- ck th
- ygen
- appro priate
- L EL
- DATE
- ones
- (Low
- CO p
- Test
- s iv e
- result
- (carb m
- s BE < 10% LE
- m o n o on
- FOR
- id
- e)
- pace
- est re
- Blanking/Blinding
- prepa 35 ppm
- sults
- ration
- After
- Double Block & Bleed
- spac
- REC
- e pre
- HEC
- parati
- Line Breaking/Misalign
- KS
- on
- Initia
- ls
- 19.5
- (B um
- 23.5
- p tes
- (verifi
- ed a
- ll
- t on
- Air M
- H 2 S
- (h y d ro ppm
- sulfid e n
- e)
- < LF L
- 5 Ft.
- st
- Visib ility
- Time
- In/ou
- W ater
- ABC Att. Initials
- (Radio’s, cell phone, in-house phone, etc.)
- Other
- Time
- In/ou
- Att. In itials
- Time
- In/ou
- ENTR
- Y SU
- PER
- VISO
- R (P
- rint &
- BEFORE Attempting Non-Entry Rescue Call Emergency
- Initia Number First!
- l)
- Back-up emergency
- (R #
- eturn
- DATE
- Proje
- ct co
- attach
- mple
- ments
- Proje
- ted
- ct ca
- to
- YES
- NO Depa
- ncell
- ed
- rtmen
- t Safe
- ty Co
- ntact)
- perm
- it wit rescue.
- NEVER ENTER SPACE to attempt h
- STATE: “This is a Confined Space Emergency”
- YES
- Y ES
- NO / Additional entries
- NO
- YES YES
- Entry
- NO NO
- Supe rviso
- (Initia
- Othe
- AIR MONITOR
- Ladders
- FIRE EXTINGUISHER
- Have you called Maintenance Dispatch before entry? Is pre-entry set-up of emergency equipment required? If not, where is location of rescue equipment?
- sive du
- et be fore
- entry
- or to usin
- ENTR
- ANT(s w/ mechanical winch
- Tripod
- ) (p
- t nam lighting
- Explosion rin proof
- e & in itials
- Intrinsically Safe Tools
- & ) Electrical Equip. GFCI
- Contact Rescue Service with what method?
- EMERGENCY PHONE #
- are m
- quire
- d pri
- TOOLS / EQUIPMENT ( Check mandatory items)
- ENTRANT(S) and ATTENDANT(S) (Check all that apply)
- V isual
- Rope
- V oice
- Radio
- Other (specify)
- is re
- PURGE / FLUSH / CLEAN
- BARRICADES / COVER REMOVAL
- COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES USED BY
- SDS (Reviewed)
- cond itions
- Explo
- 10 pp
- Other
- HOT WORK PERMIT NEEDED
- nitor
- Slide 11
Module- 3
- Confined Space
- Training
- What is a Confined Space
- When does it become
- Permit Required?
- What are the Hazards
- Training
- Slide 12
What are the Hazards?
- Potential Hazards in Confined Spaces
- Asphyxiating - Oxygen
- Deficiency
- <19.5% or >23.5% oxygen concentration
- CO2
- CO 2 is toxic in higher concentrations:
- 1% (10,000 ppm) will make some people feel drowsy.
- Concentrations of 7% to 10% cause dizziness, headache, visual and hearing dysfunction, and unconsciousness within a few minutes to an hour.
- Toxic Materials
- Carbon Monoxide
- Hydrogen Sulphide
- Welding fumes
- Corrosives
- Mechanical Hazards
- Mixers
- Crushers
- Engulfment
- Soil around an excavation
- Grain in a silo
- Powdered material in a bin
- Slide 13
What are the Hazards? – Part 2
- Potential Hazards in Confined Spaces
- Asphyxiating - Oxygen
- Electricity
- Deficiency
- Flammable
- <19.5% or >23.5% oxygen
- Toxic Materials
- Carbon Monoxide
- Hydrogen Sulphide
- Welding fumes
- Corrosives
- concentration
- -Combustibles
- Methane
- CO is toxic in higher concentrations:
- Hydrogen
- 1% (10,000 ppm) will
- Acetylene
- make some people feel
- drowsy.
- Propane
- Concentrations of 7% to
- 10% cause dizziness,
- Gasoline
- headache, visual
- and
- fumes
- hearing dysfunction, and
- CO2
- 2
- Mechanical Hazards
- Mixers
- Crushers
- unconsciousness within a few minutes to an hour.
- Engulfment
- Soil around an excavation
- Grain in a silo
- Powdered material in a bin
- Slide 14
Gasse s
- What are the Hazards? – Part 3
- Slide 15
Combustibility
- What are the Hazards? – Part 4
- Slide 16
Engulfmen
- What
- are the Hazards? – Part 5
- Slide 17
Mechanic al
- What are the Hazards? – Part 6
- Slide 18
Biologica
- What
- are the Hazards? – Part 7
- Slide 19
Chemica l
- What are the Hazards? – Part 8
- Slide 20
What are the Hazards? – Part 9
- Extreme
- Temperature s
- Slide 21
Hazards from Animals
- What are the Hazards? – Part 10
- Slide 22
Module- 4
- Confined Space
- Training
- What is a Confined Space
- When does it become
- Permit Required?
- What are the Hazards
- Training
- Slide 23
Confined Space Training
- OSHA 1910.146(g) Training
- The employer shall provide training so that all employees whose work is regulated by this section acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned under this section.
- Slide 24
Confined Space Training – Part
- OSHA 1910.146(g)
- 2
- Training
- Training shall be provided to each affected employee:
- Before the employee is first assigned duties under this section;
- Before there is a change in assigned duties;
- Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that presents a hazard about which an employee has not previously been trained;
- Whenever the employer has reason to believe either that there are deviations from the permit space entry procedures.
- Slide 25
3 Entry
- Confined Space Training – Part
- Confined Space
- Entry :
- The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space; Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.
- Slide 26
4 Personnel
- Confined Space Training – Part
- Confined Space
- Authorized Entrant
- Enters the confined space
- Authorized Attendant
- Stands watch outside the entry point of the space
- Entry Supervisor
- Oversees entry, ensures conformity to permit & acceptable conditions for entry
- Slide 27
5 Personnel
- Confined Space Training – Part
- Confined
- Space
- Authorized Entrant
- The employee who will physically enter the confined space to perform the work.
- Slide 28
Confined Space Training – Part 6 Confined Space
- Personnel
- Authorized Attendant
- The employee who remains outside the confined space and;
- monitors the entrant(s) guards the space against unauthorized entry warns the entrants of any unusual conditions and summons the rescue personnel if needed.
- Slide 29
Confined Space Training – Part
- Space
- 7 Confined
- Personnel
- Entry Supervisor
- The employee who remains outside the confined space and;
- warns the entrants of any unusual conditions
- Completes Permits,
- ensures conformity to permit & acceptable conditions for entry
- Slide 30
Confined Space Training – Part
- Confined Space
- 8
- Permits
- Slide 31
9 Permits
- Confined Space Training – Part
- Confined Space
- Slide 32
Confined Space Training Part
- Confined Space
- 10
- Permits
- CONF INE D SPAC E ENT R YPE RMIT
- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (Check mandatory items)
- EYE PROTECTION HEARING PROTECTION PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BOOTS
- GLOVES
- HARD HAT RESPIRATOR
- ENTRY SUPERVISOR: COMPLETE AND I NITIAL FORM (P LEASE PRINT )
- Entry Supervisor:
- Department(s) Involved:
- Location of Space:
- (be specific)
- Work to be Accomplished:
- Authorized Entrant(s):
- Authorized Attendant(s):
- Safety Glasses
- (specify) Rubber Rubber
- Slip Prevention
- Leather
- Air Purifying
- Other: (specify)
- Steel toes
- Cott on
- Supplied air
- Safety Harness & Lifelines
- Mechanical: (specify)
- FALL PROTECTION/
- RETRIEVAL EQUIPMENT
- (Non-entry rescue)
- Entry Date(s) & Time(s):
- Face Shield
- Other: (specify) Other: (specify)
- Anchor points: (specify)
- (Permit is limited to one project at location of space)
- PERMIT SPACE HAZARDS (See Space ID List)
- CONTROLS (Check all that apply)
- ATMOSPHERIC
- Oxygen Deficiency
- Oxygen Enrichment
- Explosive (Gas/Vapor)
- Carbon Monoxide
- Hydrogen Sulfide
- Other Toxic gases/vapors
- ATMOSPHERIC TESTING (Required)
- Continuous
- Periodic (Give interval)
- ENGULFMENT
- ISOLATION
- Lockout/Tagout (Specify)
- ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS
- VENTILATION
- Continuous forced air
- Local Exhaust
- Natural
- CONFIGURATION (ENTRAPMENT)
- MECHANICAL
- ELECTRICAL
- SUBSTANCE HAZARDOUS TO SKIN OR EYES
- (Primary) ATTENDANT (Print & Initial)
- O 2
- (oxygen)
- HEAT STRESS
- OTHER POTENTIAL HAZARDS
- (e.g. radiation, noise, etc)
- D A TE
- (verified all conditions are met before entry)
- ATMOSPHERIC TESTS (Check the appropriate ones) (B ump test on Air Monitor is required prior to using)
- Blanking/Blinding
- 19.5 – 23.5
- Double Block & Bleed
- Time
- Initials
- LEL
- CO ppm
- H 2 S ppm
- (Lower E xplosive
- (carbon m onoxide)
- (hydrogen sulfide)
- 35 ppm
- 10 ppm
- < 10% LEL
- Explosive dust
- < LFL 5 Ft. Visibility
- Other
- Test results BEFORE space preparation
- Line Breaking/Misalign
- Test results After space preparation
- Other
- PURGE / FLUSH / CLEAN
- BARRICADES / COVER REMOVAL
- COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES USED BY
- RECHECKS
- TOOLS / EQUIPMENT ( Check mandatory items)
- ENTRANT(S) and ATTENDANT(S) (Check all that apply)
- V isual
- Rope
- V oice
- Radio
- Other (specify)
- AIR MONITOR
- Tripod w/ mechanical winch
- Explosion proof lighting
- Intrinsically Safe Tools & Electrical Equip. GFCI
- Ladders
- FIRE EXTINGUISHER
- W ater
- ABC
- Contact Rescue Service with what method?
- (Radio’s, cell phone, in-house phone, etc.)
- ENTRANT(s) (print name & initials)
- Other
- Time In/out
- Att. Initials
- Time In/out
- Time In/out
- Project completed Project cancelled
- YES YES
- HOT WORK PERMIT NEEDED
- SDS (Reviewed)
- BEFORE Attempting Non-Entry Rescue Call Emergency Number First!
- EMERGENCY PHONE #
- Back-up emergency #
- STATE: “This is a Confined Space Emergency”
- NEVER ENTER SPACE to attempt rescue.
- Have you called Maintenance Dispatch before entry? Is pre-entry set-up of emergency equipment required? If not, where is location of rescue equipment?
- U.S. Bethel Safety Program
- YES
- Y ES
- NO / Additional entries
- NO
- YES
- NO
- E N TR Y SUPERVISOR (Print & Initial)
- D A TE
- NO NO
- Entry Supervisor (Initial)
- January 1, 2016
- (Return permit with attachments to Department Safety Contact)
- Slide 33
Confined Space Training Part
- Confined Space
- Permits
- 11
- CONF INE D SPAC E ENT R YPE RMIT
- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (Check mandatory items)
- EYE PROTECTION HEARING PROTECTION PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BOOTS
- GLOVES
- HARD HAT RESPIRATOR
- ENTRY SUPERVISOR: COMPLETE AND I NITIAL FORM (P LEASE PRINT )
- Entry Supervisor:
- Department(s) Involved:
- Location of Space:
- (be specific)
- Work to be Accomplished:
- Authorized Entrant(s):
- Authorized Attendant(s):
- Safety Glasses
- (specify) Rubber Rubber
- Slip Prevention
- Leather
- Air Purifying
- Other: (specify)
- Steel toes
- Cott on
- Supplied air
- Safety Harness & Lifelines
- Mechanical: (specify)
- FALL PROTECTION/
- RETRIEVAL EQUIPMENT
- (Non-entry rescue)
- Entry Date(s) & Time(s):
- Face Shield
- Other: (specify) Other: (specify)
- Anchor points: (specify)
- (Permit is limited to one project at location of space)
- PERMIT SPACE HAZARDS (See Space ID List)
- CONTROLS (Check all that apply)
- ATMOSPHERIC
- Oxygen Deficiency
- Oxygen Enrichment
- Explosive (Gas/Vapor)
- Carbon Monoxide
- Hydrogen Sulfide
- Other Toxic gases/vapors
- ATMOSPHERIC TESTING (Required)
- Continuous
- Periodic (Give interval)
- ENGULFMENT
- ISOLATION
- Lockout/Tagout (Specify)
- ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS
- VENTILATION
- Continuous forced air
- Local Exhaust
- Natural
- CONFIGURATION (ENTRAPMENT)
- MECHANICAL
- ELECTRICAL
- SUBSTANCE HAZARDOUS TO SKIN OR EYES
- (Primary) ATTENDANT (Print & Initial)
- O 2
- (oxygen)
- HEAT STRESS
- OTHER POTENTIAL HAZARDS
- (e.g. radiation, noise, etc)
- D A TE
- (verified all conditions are met before entry)
- ATMOSPHERIC TESTS (Check the appropriate ones) (B ump test on Air Monitor is required prior to using)
- Blanking/Blinding
- 19.5 – 23.5
- Double Block & Bleed
- Time
- Initials
- LEL
- CO ppm
- H 2 S ppm
- (Lower E xplosive
- (carbon m onoxide)
- (hydrogen sulfide)
- 35 ppm
- 10 ppm
- < 10% LEL
- Explosive dust
- < LFL 5 Ft. Visibility
- Other
- Test results BEFORE space preparation
- Line Breaking/Misalign
- Test results After space preparation
- Other
- PURGE / FLUSH / CLEAN
- BARRICADES / COVER REMOVAL
- COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES USED BY
- RECHECKS
- TOOLS / EQUIPMENT ( Check mandatory items)
- ENTRANT(S) and ATTENDANT(S) (Check all that apply)
- V isual
- Rope
- V oice
- Radio
- Other (specify)
- AIR MONITOR
- Tripod w/ mechanical winch
- Explosion proof lighting
- Intrinsically Safe Tools & Electrical Equip. GFCI
- Ladders
- FIRE EXTINGUISHER
- W ater
- ABC
- Contact Rescue Service with what method?
- (Radio’s, cell phone, in-house phone, etc.)
- ENTRANT(s) (print name & initials)
- Other
- Time In/out
- Att. Initials
- Time In/out
- Time In/out
- Project completed Project cancelled
- YES YES
- HOT WORK PERMIT NEEDED
- SDS (Reviewed)
- BEFORE Attempting Non-Entry Rescue Call Emergency Number First!
- EMERGENCY PHONE #
- Back-up emergency #
- STATE: “This is a Confined Space Emergency”
- NEVER ENTER SPACE to attempt rescue.
- Have you called Maintenance Dispatch before entry? Is pre-entry set-up of emergency equipment required? If not, where is location of rescue equipment?
- U.S. Bethel Safety Program
- YES
- Y ES
- NO / Additional entries
- NO
- YES
- NO
- E N TR Y SUPERVISOR (Print & Initial)
- D A TE
- NO NO
- Entry Supervisor (Initial)
- January 1, 2016
- (Return permit with attachments to Department Safety Contact)
- Slide 34
12 Permits
- Confined Space Training – Part
- Confined Space
- Atmosphere Testing Must Be
- Prior to every entry when the space is vacant;
- Performed
- After a 10-minute ventilation period (if ventilation is necessary);
- At least hourly for permit-required confined spaces. NOTE: A good practice is to re-test the atmosphere after breaks or having been out of the confined space for a period of time.
- More frequently, if conditions or suspicions warrant.
- Slide 35
13 Permits
- Confined Space Training – Part
- Confined Space
- Atmosphere Testing Must Be
- Prior to every entry when the space is vacant;
- Performed
- After a 10-minute ventilation period (if ventilation is necessary);
- At least hourly for permit-required confined spaces. NOTE: A good practice is to re-test the atmosphere after breaks or having been out of the confined space for a period of time.
- More frequently, if conditions or suspicions warrant.
- Slide 36
Confined Space Training – Part Evacuation 14
- Rescue
- Procedures clearly spelled-out.
- Rescue teams made available, Means of contact provided.
- Appropriate equipment available; retrieval systems for non-entry rescue; vertical >5 ft.
- In-house rescue teams are OPTIONAL!
- Dial 911 & notify of confined space emergency, you may attempt retrieval at that point.
- Slide 37
Confined Space Training – Part 15 Training: Must Be Certified In
- Writing
- for each affected employee
- before first assignment & with changes
- deviations from space entry procedures
- shall establish employee proficiency
- Slide 38
Confined Space Training – Review
- Slide 39
Knowledge Check
- 1. What is a Confined Space?
- Slide 40
Knowledge Check – Part 2
- 1. What is a Confined Space?
- A Confined Space is defined as:
- Large enough and so configured that a worker can bodily enter it, and
- Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, and
- Is not designated for continuous worker occupancy.
- Slide 41
Knowledge Check – Part
- 3
- 2 . What is a Permit Required Confined
- Space?
- Slide 42
Knowledge Check – Part
- 4
- 2. What is a Permit Required Confined
- Space?
- Permit Required Confined Space has one or more of the following characteristics:
- 1 . Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;
- 2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;
- 3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by sloped/tapered floors.
- Slide 43
Knowledge Check – Part
- 5
- 3. Who are the Qualified workers?
- Slide 44
Knowledge Check – Part 6
- 3. Who are the Qualified workers?
- The Supervisor – trained, competent, fills in permits, supervises the work & terminates the entry if needed or when completed
- The Entrant – trained & authorized to enter. Performs the work.
- The Attendant – trained & authorized
- Slide 45
Knowledge Check – Part
- 7
- 4. What is the primary reason for using a retrieval system for work within a Permit Required Confined Space?
- Slide 46
Knowledge Check – Part 8
- 4. What is the primary reason for using a retrieval system for work within a Permit Required Confined Space?
- To allow the attendant to perform a Non-Entry Rescue if problems develop during the entry.
- NOTE: Because of the inherent dangers of this work, Only a Trained and Authorized Rescue Team can enter to assist the Entrant (worker)
- Slide 47
Additional Resources
- OSHA website: http://www.osha.gov and OSHA offices:
- Call or Write (800-321-OSHA)
- Compliance Assistance Specialists in the area offices
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- (NIOSH) – OSHA’s sister agency
- OSHA Training Institute Education Centers
- Public libraries
More on Confined Spaces
pptxes
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The Sustainable Workplace AllianceOSHA Harwood grant
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64 slidesConfined Spaces PPE
Respirators, retrieval systems and other PPE for confined space entry.
Western Iowa Technical Community CollegeOSHA Harwood grant
pdf
2 slidesConfined Spaces: Atmospheric Testing in Confined Spaces Fact Sheet
Procedures for atmospheric testing before and during confined space entry.
U.S. Department of Labor, OSHAPublic domain