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Active Shooter: What You Can Do (FEMA IS-907) Instructor Guide, page 1: IS-907 – ACTIVE SHOOTER : WHAT YOU CAN D O
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Active Shooter: What You Can Do (FEMA IS-907) Instructor Guide

Instructor guide for the FEMA course on what employees and managers can do in an active shooter situation.

Page text

· 57 of 58 pages · by U.S. Department of Homeland Security / FEMA Emergency Management Institute

The words on each page as the author wrote them, read from the file by software so they can be searched. Layout, pictures and tables are not shown here, and long pages are shortened: the pages above and the download are the original.

  1. Page 1

    IS-907 – ACTIVE SHOOTER : WHAT YOU CAN D O

  2. Page 2
    • This course has been developed by the National Protection and Programs Directorate/Office of Infrastructure Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and is being hosted by the Emergency Management Institute (EMI).
    • For more information or to address questions or comments about this course, please contact [email protected]
  3. Page 3

    Course Objectives

    • At the end of this course, the participants should be able to:
    • Describe actions to take when confronted with an active shooter and responding law enforcement officials.
    • Recognize potential workplace violence indicators.
    • Describe actions to take to prevent and prepare for potential active shooter incidents. Describe how to manage the consequences of an active shooter incident.
    • Scope
    • Course Introduction
    • Respond
    • Activity: What Would You Do?
    • Prepare
    • Activity: Indicators of Workplace Violence
    • …
  4. Page 4

    Time Plan

    • A suggested time plan for this course is shown below. More or less time may be required, based on the experience level of the group.
    • Topic
    • Course Introduction
    • Respond
    • Prepare
    • Follow Up
    • Course Summary
    • Total Time
    • Time
    • 40 minutes
    • 1 hour 25 minutes
    • 1 hour 15 minutes
    • 30 minutes
    • 10 minutes
    • 4 hours
    • Materials
    • PowerPoint visuals 1–47
    • Student Manual
    • Easels and markers
    • Note: Assemble copies of any applicable materials, such as the organization’s Emergency Action Plan, for display or distribution to participants.
  5. Page 5

    COURSE INTRODUCTION

    • Visual 1
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Welcome the participants to the Active Shooter course. This course provides guidance to individuals, including managers and employees, so that they can prepare to respond to an active shooter situation.
    • At this time, the lead instructor should:
    • Introduce him or herself, emphasizing any experience related to active shooter situations. Ask the other instructors to introduce themselves.
  6. Page 6

    COURSE INTRODUCTION

    • Visual 2
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Make sure to complete all administrative matters and cover the ground rules on breaks and cell phones.
  7. Page 7

    COURSE INTRODUCTION

    • Visual 3
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Note: There is an embedded sound file in this visual which will play automatically. The text is animated to appear in two parts, with a delay to match the audio recording:
    • Dispatcher: “911, what is the nature of your emergency?”
    • Caller: “There’s somebody with a gun in the main entrance to the mall and I don’t . . .”
    • Ask the participants: Are you prepared?
    • Acknowledge the participants’ responses. Tell the participants that this course is…
    • …
  8. Page 8

    COURSE INTRODUCTION

    • Visual 4
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • By the end of this course, participants will be able to:
    • Describe actions to take when confronted with an active shooter and with law enforcement officials who are responding to the situation.
    • Recognize potential workplace violence indicators.
    • Describe actions to take to prevent and prepare for potential active shooter incidents. Describe how to manage the consequences of an active shooter incident.
    • …
  9. Page 9

    COURSE INTRODUCTION

    • Visual 5
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • During the past several years, there have been many active shooter incidents:
    • Where we shop. In 2007 a gunman killed 5 and injured multiple others at a Utah mall. Where we exercise our free speech. In 2011 U.S. Representative Gabrielle (Gabby) Giffords was critically shot while meeting with constituents at a market, with 6 people killed and 3 others injured.
    • Where we learn.
    • …
  10. Page 10

    COURSE INTRODUCTION

    • Visual 6
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Active shooter incidents are becoming more frequent.
    • Common motives include anger, revenge, ideology, and untreated mental illness.
    • All employees can help prevent and prepare for potential active shooter situations.
  11. Page 11

    COURSE INTRODUCTION

    • Visual 7
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • An active shooter is an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined space or other populated area. In most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims.
    • Active shooter situations are unpredictable and evolve quickly.
    • Active shooters usually will continue to move throughout a building or area until stopped by law enforcement, suicide, or other…
    • …
  12. Page 12

    COURSE INTRODUCTION

    • Visual 8
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • The information presented in this course is summarized in the booklet titled “Active Shooter: How To Respond” (http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/active_shooter_booklet.pdf), published by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
    • This booklet provides guidance to individuals, including managers and employees, who may become involved in an active shooter situation, and discusses how to react when law enforcement responds.
    • …
  13. Page 13

    RESPOND

    • Visual 9
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • The remainder of this course is divided into the following sections:
    • Respond Prepare Follow Up
    • This section of the course covers response actions, including how to respond when law enforcement arrives.
  14. Page 14

    RESPOND

    • Visual 10
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Ask the participants: What response actions should you take to keep yourself safe in an active shooter situation?
    • Acknowledge the participants’ responses. Note that recommended response actions will be covered in the next segment of this course.
    • Responses may include (it is not necessary to mention all possible responses at this point):
    • Being aware of the environment and any possible dangers. Taking note of the nearest exits.
    • …
  15. Page 15

    RESPOND

    • Visual 11
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • In an active shooter situation, all involved persons should quickly determine the most reasonable way to protect their own lives.
    • Recommended actions, in order, are:
    • Run: If there is an accessible escape path, attempt to evacuate the premises.
    • Hide: If evacuation is not possible, find a place to hide where the active shooter is less likely to find you.
    • Fight: As a last resort, and if your life is in imminent danger, attempt to disrupt
    • …
  16. Page 16

    The first recommended action is to run. If there is an accessible escape path, attempt to

    • RESPOND
    • Visual 12
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • evacuate the premises.
    • When running:
    • Have an escape route and plan in mind.
    • Leave your belongings behind.
    • Help others escape, if possible.
    • Evacuate regardless of whether others agree to follow.
    • Warn individuals not to enter an area where the active shooter may be. Prevent individuals from entering an area where the active shooter may be.
    • …
  17. Page 17

    When running (continued):

    • RESPOND
    • Visual 13
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Do not attempt to move wounded people.
    • Keep your hands visible.
    • Follow the instructions of any police officers.
    • Call 911 when it is safe to do so.
    • Ask the participants: Why do police officers need to see your hands when you exit the premises in an active shooter situation?
    • Acknowledge the participants’ responses. If not mentioned by the group, include the following:
    • …
  18. Page 18

    RESPOND

    • Visual 14
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • The next recommended action is to hide out. If safe evacuation is not possible, find a place to hide from the active shooter.
    • The hiding place should:
    • Be out of the active shooter’s view.
    • Provide protection if shots are fired (for example, an office with a closed and locked door). Not restrict options for movement.
    • To prevent an active shooter from entering a hiding place:
    • Lock the door.
    • …
  19. Page 19

    RESPOND

    • Visual 15
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • If the active shooter is nearby, take the following actions:
    • Lock the door.
    • Hide behind a large item (for example, a cabinet or desk).
    • Silence your cell phone and/or pager. (Even the vibrate setting can give away a hiding position.)
    • Remain quiet.
    • Consider the difference between cover and concealment. Cover might protect a person from gunfire, while concealment will merely hide a person from the view of the shooter.
    • …
  20. Page 20

    RESPOND

    • Visual 16
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • When possible, provide the following information to law enforcement officers or 911 operators:
    • Location of the active shooter.
    • Number of shooters, if more than one.
    • Physical description of the shooter(s).
    • Number and type of weapons held by the shooter(s).
    • Number of potential victims at the location.
  21. Page 21

    RESPOND

    • Visual 17
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Finally, as an absolute last resort, and only if in imminent danger, attempt to disrupt and/or incapacitate the active shooter.
    • Act as aggressively as possible.
    • Throw items and use improvised weapons..
    • Work together to incapacitate the shooter.
    • Commit to your actions.
  22. Page 22

    RESPOND

    • Visual 18
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Ask the participants: What should managers do in an active shooter situation?
    • Acknowledge the participants’ responses.
    • Responses may include the following (it is not necessary to mention all possible responses at this point):
    • When an emergency occurs, customers and visitors will look to managers or employees to direct them to safety. Employees are familiar with the building or workspace and with evaluation routes.
    • …
  23. Page 23

    ACTIVITY: WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

    • Visual 19
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Activity Purpose: To reinforce the participants’ understanding of how best to prepare for and respond to an active shooter situation.
    • Review the activity instructions with the participants.
    • Instructions: Working as a team:
    • 1. Look around the room you are in. Consider what you would do in an active shooter situation
    • and whether it would be better to run or hide.
    • …
  24. Page 24

    Fight the active shooter only as a last resort.

    • ACTIVITY: WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
    • Visual 19 (Continued)
    • Participants in an active shooter situation should remember to:
    • Locate a safe, viable evacuation route or routes.
    • Figure out how to lock and/or blockade the door if planning to hide.
    • Consider the options for concealment and cover using large items.
    • Close, cover, and move away from windows.
    • Take into account sources of noise, such as cell phones, that should be silenced to avoid drawing attention to the hiding spot.
    • …
  25. Page 25

    RESPOND

    • Visual 20
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Ask the participants: What actions should you take when law enforcement arrives?
    • Acknowledge the participants’ responses.
    • Responses may include (it is not necessary to mention all possible responses at this point):
    • Remain calm and follow instructions.
    • Slowly put down any items in your hands (e.g., bags, jackets).
    • Raise hands and spread fingers.
    • Keep hands visible at all times.
    • Avoid quick movements toward officers, avoid physical contact.
    • …
  26. Page 26

    RESPOND

    • Visual 21
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • When law enforcement officers arrive at an active shooter scene:
    • Their immediate purpose is to stop the active shooter as soon as possible.
    • Officers will proceed directly to the area in which the last shots were heard.
    • The first officers to arrive at the scene will not stop to help injured persons because their first priority is to eliminate the threat. They will need to secure the scene first.
    • …
  27. Page 27

    RESPOND

    • Visual 22
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Additional officers may arrive in teams, such as a SWAT (special weapons and tactics) team.
    • These teams may:
    • Wear regular patrol uniforms or external bulletproof vests, Kevlar helmets, and other tactical equipment. Some officers may be in plain clothes.
    • Be armed with rifles, shotguns, or handguns.
    • Use pepper spray or tear gas to control the situation.
    • Shout commands, and push individuals to the ground for their safety.
    • …
  28. Page 28

    RESPOND

    • Visual 23
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Recommended actions to take when law enforcement officers arrive are listed on the visual.
  29. Page 29

    RESPOND

    • Visual 24
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • After reaching a safe location or assembly point, all persons involved in the situation likely will be held in that area by law enforcement until the situation is under control, and all witnesses have been identified and questioned.
    • No one should leave the safe location or assembly point until law enforcement authorities indicate it is safe and their questioning has been completed.
  30. Page 30

    PREPARE

    • Visual 25
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • This section of the course covers actions to take to prepare for and prevent potential active shooter incidents.
  31. Page 31

    PREPARE

    • Visual 26
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Ask the participants: What are some ways to prepare in advance for or prevent active shooter situations?
    • Acknowledge the participants’ responses. Emphasize that a lack of preparedness can have disastrous effects.
    • Responses may include (it is not necessary to mention all possible preparation and prevention steps at this point):
    • Develop an Emergency Action Plan.
    • Conduct practice or exercises.
    • Recognize indicators of potential workplace violence.
  32. Page 32

    PREPARE

    • Visual 27
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Actions to take to prepare for and prevent potential active shooter incidents include:
    • Developing an Emergency Action Plan.
    • Conducting training.
    • Recognizing indicators of potential workplace violence.
  33. Page 33

    PREPARE

    • Visual 28
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • The first step to prepare employees for an active shooter situation is to develop an Emergency Action Plan.
    • The Emergency Action Plan should include input from several stakeholders, including as applicable:
    • The human resources department.
    • The training department.
    • The facility owners and/or operators.
    • The property manager.
    • Local law enforcement and emergency responders.
    • Conduct drills and exercise your Emergency Action Plan at least once a year. …
    • …
  34. Page 34

    PREPARE

    • Visual 29
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Note: If the organization already has an Emergency Action Plan, distribute copies to the participants if possible and review relevant procedures with them.
    • An effective Emergency Action Plan includes the following:
    • A preferred method for reporting different types of emergencies.
    • An evacuation policy and procedure.
    • Emergency escape procedures and route assignments (with floor plans and identification of designated safe areas).
    • …
  35. Page 35

    PREPARE

    • Visual 30
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Another important aspect of preparedness is training. The most effective way to train your employees to respond to an active shooter situation is to conduct mock active shooter training exercises. Local law enforcement organizations are an excellent resource in designing training exercises.
    • Employees should be trained in:
    • Identifying the sound of gunfire.
    • Reacting quickly when gunshots are heard or when a shooting is witnessed.
    • Run.
    • Hide.
    • …
  36. Page 36

    PREPARE

    • Visual 31
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • In addition to developing an Emergency Action Plan and conducting training, managers should ensure that:
    • Plans, evacuation instructions, and any other relevant information include provisions for individuals with functional or other needs. For example, emergency signals should include both lights and sound and emergency exits should be accessible for persons with limited mobility.
    • …
  37. Page 37

    PREPARE

    • Visual 32
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Facility managers should:
    • Institute access controls (e.g., keys, security system passcodes). Distribute critical items to appropriate managers and employees, including:
    • Floor plans.
    • Keys and other access-control measures.
    • Facility personnel lists and telephone numbers.
    • Daily schedule.
    • Assemble crisis kits containing:
    • Radios.
    • Employee roster and emergency contact numbers.
    • First aid kits.
    • Flashlights.
    • …
  38. Page 38

    PREPARE

    • Visual 33
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Facility managers should also:
    • Clearly post evacuation routes in conspicuous locations throughout the facility.
    • Place removable floor plans near entrances and exits for emergency responders. Include local law enforcement and first responders during training exercises. Encourage law enforcement, emergency responders, SWAT teams, canine teams, and bomb squads to train for an active shooter scenario at their location.
    • Foster a respectful workplace.
    • …
  39. Page 39

    PREPARE

    • Visual 34
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Review the following two actual examples of workplace violence. The visual contains five animated images. Click the mouse to show each of the five images in turn while explaining the events.
    • Explain that current or former employees typically do not become violent unexpectedly. Instead, they display indicators of potential violent behavior over time.
    • Example 1:
    • Image 1.
    • Image 2. Image 3.
    • …
  40. Page 40

    PREPARE

    • Visual 35
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • An active shooter in your workplace may be a current or former employee, or an acquaintance of a current or former employee.
    • Intuitive managers and coworkers may notice characteristics of potentially violent behavior in an employee. Alert your supervisor or human resources department if you believe an employee or coworker exhibits potentially violent behavior.
  41. Page 41

    PREPARE

    • Visual 36
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Your human resources department should engage in planning for emergency situations, including an active shooter scenario.
    • Planning for emergency situations can help to mitigate the likelihood of an incident by resulting in processes such as:
    • Conducting effective employee screening and background checks.
    • Creating a system for reporting signs of potentially violent behavior.
    • Making counseling services available to employees.
    • …
  42. Page 42

    ACTIVITY: INDICATORS OF WORKPLACE VIOLENCE

    • Visual 37
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Activity Purpose: To help participants understand the indicators of potentially violent behavior.
    • Review the instructions for the activity.
    • Instructions: Working as a team:
    • 1. Create a list of 10 indicators of potentially violent behavior.
    • 2. Record the list on chart paper.
    • 3. Select a spokesperson and be prepared to present your list in 5 minutes.
    • Time: 10 minutes (5 minutes preparation, 5 minutes report out)
    • …
  43. Page 43

    ACTIVITY: INDICATORS OF WORKPLACE VIOLENCE

    • Visual 37 (Continued)
    • Instructor Debrief Instructions:
    • 1. Monitor the time. Notify the participants when 2 minutes remain.
    • 2. Ask each group to present their indicators. Post or display the group responses at the front of the room.
    • 3. If not mentioned by the participants, include the following behavioral indicators:
    • Increased use of alcohol and/or illegal drugs
    • Unexplained increase in absenteeism; vague physical complaints
    • …
  44. Page 44

    ACTIVITY: SELF-ASSESSMENT

    • Visual 38
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Activity Purpose: To help participants assess the extent to which their organization has prepared for and worked to prevent active shooter situations, to identify where improvement is needed, and to identify steps for improvement that participants can take following the training.
    • Review the instructions for the activity.
    • Instructions: Working individually:
    • 1. Take 5 minutes to complete the self-assessment in your Student Manual.
    • …
  45. Page 45

    ACTIVITY: SELF-ASSESSMENT

    • Visual 38 (Continued)
    • Has your organization . . .
    • Yes
    • No
    • Created a comprehensive Emergency Action Plan? Remember, the Emergency Action Plan should include:
    • A preferred method for reporting fires and other emergencies.
    • An evacuation policy and procedure.
    • Emergency escape procedures and route assignments (e.g., floor plans, safe areas).
    • Contact information for—and responsibilities of—individuals to be contacted under the Emergency Action Plan.
    • …
  46. Page 46

    FOLLOW UP

    • Visual 39
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • This section covers followup actions to take after an active shooter incident.
  47. Page 47

    FOLLOW UP

    • Visual 40
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Follow up actions after an actual incident include:
    • Managing the consequences.
    • Capturing lessons learned.
    • The results of taking follow up actions are:
    • It promotes the well-being of those involved.
    • It facilitates preparedness for future emergencies.
  48. Page 48

    FOLLOW UP

    • Visual 41
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • After the active shooter has been incapacitated and is no longer a threat, human resources or management personnel should engage in post-event assessments and activities, including:
    • An accounting of all individuals at a designated assembly point to determine if anyone is missing and potentially injured.
    • Determining a method for notifying families of individuals affected by the active shooter, including notification of any casualties.
    • …
  49. Page 49

    FOLLOW UP

    • Visual 42
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • To facilitate effective planning for future emergencies, it is important to analyze the recent active shooter situation and create an after-action report. The analysis and recommendations contained in this report are useful for:
    • Serving as documentation for response activities.
    • Identifying successes and failures that occurred during the event.
    • Providing an analysis of the effectiveness of the existing Emergency Action Plan. …
    • …
  50. Page 50

    ACTIVITY: POST-EVENT ACTIONS

    • Visual 43
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Activity Purpose: To help participants understand how best to follow up after an active shooter incident occurs.
    • Review the activity instructions.
    • Instructions: Working as a team:
    • 1. Review the scenario in the Student Manual.
    • 2. Write a list of post-event actions you should take the day of an active shooter incident and in the coming weeks.
    • 3. Select a spokesperson and be prepared to present your list in 5 minutes.
    • …
  51. Page 51

    ACTIVITY: POST-EVENT ACTIONS

    • Visual 43 (Continued)
    • Scenario:
    • On a quiet morning, a former employee comes in through the front entrance of your office building and immediately opens fire. The manager guides employees to a preplanned evacuation route while others who are stuck in the room hide. Hearing sirens, the former employee runs back out to the parking lot, where he is arrested in a matter of minutes. …
    • …
  52. Page 52

    FOLLOW UP

    • Visual 44
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Participants may find the following resources helpful in preparing for and preventing active shooter incidents:
    • Active Shooter Desk Reference Guide (http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/active-shooter-how-to-respond-508.pdf): This booklet provides guidance to individuals, including managers and employees, who become involved in an active shooter situation, and discusses how to react when law enforcement responds.
    • …
  53. Page 53

    information-sharing-program): This information and collaboration resource serves as

    • FOLLOW UP
    • Visual 44 (Continued)
    • Commercial Facilities Sector Training and Resources (http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1259859901230.shtm): This Web site provides various resources for the Commercial Facilities Sector, including three courses, links to subsector tools and webinars, and informational videos.
    • IS-120.a An Introduction to Exercises (http:/training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/IS120A.asp): This course introduces the basics of…
    • …
  54. Page 54

    COURSE SUMMARY

    • Visual 45
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • In the event of an active shooter situation:
    • Run
    • Attempt to evacuate
    • Have an escape route and plan
    • Leave your belongings
    • Keep your hands visible
    • Hide
    • Find a place to hide
    • Block entry and lock doors
    • Remain quiet and silence your cell phone or pager
    • Fight
    • As a last resort, try to incapacitate the shooter
    • Act with physical aggression
    • CALL 911 WHEN IT IS SAFE TO DO SO!
    • Remember to always:
    • …
  55. Page 55

    COURSE SUMMARY

    • Visual 46
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • 1. Take a few moments to review your Student Manual and identify any questions.
    • 2. Ensure that all questions are answered.
    • 3. When taking the test . . .
    • Read each item carefully. Enter the answers online.
    • Participants may refer to the Student Manual when completing the test.
    • Important Instructor Note: It is important that you allow the participants enough time to review the course materials prior to taking the exam. …
    • …
  56. Page 56

    COURSE SUMMARY

    • Visual 46 (Continued)
    • To receive a certificate of completion, students must take the 12-question multiple-choice exam and achieve a score of 75%.
    • If desired, participants may download and print the course exam and circle their responses on the paper copy before entering them online. The online exam questions and responses, however, are randomly generated and may not match the order presented in the printable copy.
    • Participants must complete their tests online. Certificates will be sent electronically to the…
    • …
  57. Page 57

    COURSE SUMMARY

    • Visual 47
    • Instructor Notes: Present the following key points.
    • Distribute the course evaluation forms, using the forms that the sponsoring organization normally uses.
    • Emphasize that completing the course evaluation form is important.

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