Flammable Liquids (OSHA training library deck)

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1. Slide 1

   Flammable Liquids

2. Slide 2

   Introduction

   • The two primary hazards associated with flammable liquids are explosion and fire
   • Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards
3. Slide 3

   Flash Point

   • Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid.
   • In general, the lower the flash point, the greater the hazard
   • Flammable liquids have flash points at or below 199.4 o F (93 o C)
4. Slide 4

   Program Components

   • A good plan for safe use of flammable liquids contains at least these components:
   • Control of ignition sources
   • Proper storage
   • Fire control
   • Safe handling
5. Slide 5

   Categories of Flammable Liquids

   • Boiling Point ( o F)
6. Slide 6

   Classes of Some Flammable Liquids

   • Common Name
   • Flash Point ( o F)
   • Category 1
   • Ethyl Ether
   • Category 2
   • Acetone
   • Category 3
   • m-xylene
   • CLASS IC
   • Kerosene
   • 140-162
7. Slide 7

   Sources of Ignition

   • Must take adequate precautions to prevent ignition of flammable vapors. Some sources of ignition include:
   • Open flames
   • Smoking
   • Static electricity
   • Cutting and welding
   • Hot surfaces
   • Electrical and mechanical sparks
   • Lightning
8. Slide 8

   Static Electricity

   • Generated when a fluid flows through a pipe or from an opening into a tank
   • Main hazards are fire and explosion from sparks containing enough energy to ignite flammable vapors
   • Bonding or grounding of flammable liquid containers is necessary to prevent static electricity from causing a spark
9. Slide 9

   Bonding

   • Physically connect two conductive objects together with a bond wire to eliminate a difference in static charge potential between them
   • Must provide a bond wire between containers during flammable liquid filling operations, unless a metallic path between them is otherwise present
10. Slide 10

    Grounding

    • Eliminates a difference in static charge potential between conductive objects and ground
    • Although bonding will eliminate a difference in potential between objects, it will not eliminate a difference in potential between these objects and earth unless one of the objects is connected to earth with a ground wire
11. Slide 11

    Ventilation

    • Always provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition of flammable vapors.
12. Slide 12

    Storage Fundamentals

    • Identify incompatible chemicals – check the Safety Data Sheets
    • Isolate and separate incompatible materials
    • Isolate by storing in another area or room
    • Degree of isolation depends on quantities, chemical properties and packaging
    • Separate by storing in same area or room, but apart from each other
13. Slide 13

    Storage of Flammable Liquids

    • Storage must not limit the use of exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people
    • In office occupancies:
    • Storage prohibited except that which is required for maintenance and operation of equipment
    • Storage must be in:
    • closed metal containers inside a storage cabinet, or
    • Inside storage room
    • safety cans, or
    • an inside storage room
14. Slide 14

    Safety Cans for Storage and Transfer

    • Approved container of not more than 5 gallons capacity
    • Spring-closing lid and spout cover
    • Safely relieves internal pressure when exposed to fire
15. Slide 15

    Flame Arrester Screen

    • Prevents fire flashback into can contents
    • Double wire-mesh construction
    • Large surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature inside can remains below ignition point
16. Slide 16

    Storage Cabinets

    • Not more than 60 gallons of Category 1, 2, or 3 flammable liquids, nor more than 120 gallons of Category 4 flammable liquids may be stored in a storage cabinet.
    • Must be conspicuously labeled, “Flammable - Keep Fire Away”
    • Doors on metal cabinets must have a three-point lock (top, side, and bottom), and the door sill must be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet
17. Slide 17

    Fire Control

    • Suitable fire control devices, such as small hose or portable fire extinguishers must be available where flammable liquids are stored
    • Open flames and smoking must not be permitted in these storage areas
    • Materials which react with water must not be stored in the same room with flammable liquids
18. Slide 18

    Transferring Flammable Liquids

    • Since there is a sizeable risk whenever flammable liquids are handled, OSHA allows only four methods for transferring these materials:
    • Through a closed piping system
    • From safety cans
    • By gravity through an approved self-closing safety faucet By means of a safety pump
19. Slide 19

    Self-Closing Safety Faucet

    • Bonding wire between drum and container
    • Grounding wire between drum and ground
    • Safety vent in drum22
    • OSHA Office of Training and Education
20. Slide 20

    Safety Pump

    • Faster and safer than using a faucet
    • Spills less likely
    • No separate safety vents in drum required
    • Installed directly in drum bung opening
    • Some pump hoses have integral bonding wires
21. Slide 21

    Waste and Residue

    • Flammable waste and residue must be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily.
    • Waste drum with disposal funnel
    • Safety disposal can
    • Oily-waste can (self-closing lid)
22. Slide 22

    Safe Handling Fundamentals

    • Carefully read the manufacturer’s label on the flammable liquid container before storing or using it
    • Practice good housekeeping in flammable liquid storage areas
    • Clean up spills immediately, then place the cleanup rags in a covered metal container
    • Only use approved metal safety containers or original manufacturer’s container to store flammable liquids
    • Keep the containers closed when not in use and store away from exits or passageways
    • Use flammable liquids only where there is plenty of ventilation
    • Keep flammable liquids away from ignition sources such as open flames, sparks, smoking, cutting, welding, etc.
23. Slide 23

    Summary

    • The two primary hazards associated with flammable liquids are explosion and fire
    • Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards
    • An excellent reference on this topic is National Fire Protection Association Standard No. 30, Flammable Liquids and Combustible Code